| Presocratics | Socrates | Plato | Aristotle | Epicureans | Stoics | Plotinus | Augustine of Hippo | Boëthius | Al-Farabi | Anselm | Peter Abelard | Averroës | MaimonidesRabbi Moshe ben Maimon ( 1135 1204), , known commonly by his Greek name Maimonides was a Jewish rabbi, physician, and philosopher. Many Jewish works refer to him by the acronym of his title and name, RaMBaM (" in Hebrew). As such, he is occasionally refer | Thomas AquinasSaint Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 March 7 1274) was a Catholic philosopher and theologian in the scholastic tradition, who gave birth to the thomistic school of philosophy, which was long the official dogma of the Roman Catholic Church. He is considered by the | Albertus MagnusAlbertus Magnus ( 1193? 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne was a Dominican friar who became famous for his universal knowledge and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. He is considered to be the gre | Duns ScotusJohn Duns Scotus (c. 1266 November 8, 1308) was a theologian and philosopher. Some may argue that during his tenure at Oxford, the notion of what differentiates theology from philosophy and science began in earnest. He was born in Duns, Scotland. Ordained | Ramon LlullRamon Llull ( 1235 June 29, 1315) (in Latin Raimundus or Raymundus Lullus was a writer and philosopher born into a wealthy family in Palma, Mallorca. Early life Llull was well educated, and became the tutor of James II of Aragon. He wrote in Arabic, Latin | OccamWilliam of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings) (ca. 1285- 1349) was a English Franciscan friar and philosopher, from Ockham, a small village in Surrey, near East Horsley. William was devoted to a life of extreme poverty and minimalism. | Giovanni Pico della MirandolaGiovanni Pico della Mirandola ( February 24, 1463 November 17, 1494) was an Italian humanist philosopher and scholar. He belonged to a family that had long dwelt in the Castle of Mirandola (Duchy of Modena). To devote himself wholly to study, he left his | Marsilio FicinoMarsilio Ficino (also known by his Latin name, Marsilius Ficinus ( 1433 1499) was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance, astrologer, and a reviver of Neoplatonism who was in touch with every major academic thin | Michel de Montaigne | René Descartes | Thomas Hobbes | Blaise Pascal | Baruch Spinoza | John Locke | Nicolas Malebranche | Gottfried Leibniz | Giambattista Vico | Julien Offray de La Mettrie | George Berkeley | Baron de Montesquieu | David Hume | Voltaire | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Denis Diderot | Johann Herder | Immanuel Kant | Jeremy Bentham | Friedrich Schleiermacher | Johann Gottlieb Fichte | G. W. F. Hegel | Friedrich von Schelling | Friedrich von Schlegel | Arthur Schopenhauer | Søren Kierkegaard | Henry David Thoreau | Ralph Waldo Emerson | John Stuart Mill | Karl Marx | Mikhail Bakunin | Friedrich Nietzsche | Vladimir Soloviev | William James | Wilhelm Dilthey | C. S. Peirce | Gottlob Frege | Edmund Husserl | Henri Bergson | Ernst Cassirer | John Dewey | Benedetto Croce | José Ortega y Gasset | Alfred North Whitehead | Bertrand Russell | Ludwig Wittgenstein | Ernst Bloch | Georg Lukács | Martin Heidegger | Rudolf Carnap | Simone Weil | Maurice Merleau-Ponty | Jean-Paul Sartre | Simone de Beauvoir | Georges Bataille | Theodor Adorno | Max Horkheimer | Hannah Arendt | Cornelius Castoriadis
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