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| Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital: | Teresina | |
| Area: | 250,934km² | |
| Population: | 2,750,000 | |
| Pop. density: | inh./km² | |
| Timezone: | GMT -3 | |
| ISO 3166-2: | ||
| Governor: | Barroso de Araújo (since 2003) | |
| Map | ||
Piauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, in the arid region of Sertão .
Piauí is the poorest of all the Brazilian states, a situation that has been constant ever since the area was first colonised by the Portuguese in the 1600s. The state has practically no industry, and relies almost entirely on agriculture, primarily cattle farming, an attribute earning it the nickname 'the Leather Civilisation'. However, despite its rural-based economy, there is almost a perfect balance between the population living in the city, and those living in rural areas, something uncommon in Brazil.
The majority of the state has a semi- arid climateThe climate is the weather averaged over a long period of time. A descriptive saying is that "climate is what you expect, weather is what you get". The IPCC glossary definition is: : Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, o with wet periods from DecemberDecember is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days. From the Latin decem for " ten" (it was originally the tenth month of the year, before January and February were inserted). The winter solstice falls in December. to AprilApril is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 30 days. Derived from the Latin aprilis either from the Latin word aperire which means "to open", probably referring to growing plants in spring, or from the Etruscan name Apru for Aphr and drought during the rest of the year. Much of the land in Piauí is caatingaCaatinga is in the northeastern part of Brazil. The name "caatinga" is a indigenous word meaning "open forest" or "open vegetation". It covers about 700,000 km2. The Caatinga has a semi-arid climate with average annual temperatures of about 28 °C. The are, a type of scrubScrub has a number of meanings: to rub a surface hard, especially with a brush. low lying vegetation or an area containing this vegetation. This term is commonly used in New Zealand for the early stages of a regenerating forest ( bush), sub-alpine scrub o.
Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the Brazilian states at 66km, and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland. The reason for this is because, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí state was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around.
The state has many highly important archaeologicalArchaeology or archeology ( American English) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. The goal of archaeology is to sh sites, including the Capivara National Park, which is rich in remains of prehistoric Amerindian civilisations.
The first settlers in Piauí were bandits fleeing from São Paulo, notably Domingos Afonso Mafrense and Domingos Jorge Velho . Mafrense founded what is today Oeiras , whilst the first herds of cattle were taken there by Velho.
In the 1600s, many impoverished noblemen and Jesuit priests, as well as black and Amerindian slaves. The first large-scale cattle farming also arrived with these settlers. Large estate owners seeking new pastures for their livestock arrived from neighbouring states such as Bahia and Maranhão.
Teresina was the first Brazilian city to be planned. In 1852, an architect designed it, after being inspired by a chessboard. Situated at the mouth of the Parnaíba and Poti Rivers , Teresina was (and still is) known as the Green City because of the countless mango trees that line the city's streets.
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