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Home > Morning-after pill

The morning-after pill, however, operates in a manner different from that of abortifacient pills such as RU-486.

1 Types of morning-after pills

Emergency hormonal contraception is available in two main forms; the original version is the combined or Yuzpe Regimen which uses large doses of both estrogen and progesterone taken as two doses at 12 hour intervals. This technique is believed to be approximately 75% effective when taken within 24 hours of unprotected intercourse. Examples of Yuzpe Regimen emergency contraceptive pills include Preven ( USA), Schering PC4 ( UK) and Tetragynon ( France). This regimen is known to be associated with severe side effects, especially nausea and vomiting, and has largely been superceded by the progesterone-only method. The progesterone-only method usually uses the progesterone levonorgestrel in a dose of 1.5 mgMg or mg or MG may stand for: machine gun Madagascar, ISO country code magnesium Mg MG the car company milligram mg megagram Mg or Ton Lists of two-letter combinations., either as two 750 microgramThe microgram (symbol g sometimes mcg is an SI unit of mass. It is defined as: 1 µg 10−9 kg 1/1,000,000 of a gram. See 1 E-9 kg for comparisons. nanogram << microgram << milligram SI derived units of mass. doses 12 hours apart, or more recently, as a single dose. This method is now known to be more effective (up to 95% if taken soon enough), safer and better tolerated than the Yupze method, and is available in the USA and CanadaCanada historically the Dominion of Canada is the second-largest, and northernmost, country in the world. It is a decentralized federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories, governed as a constitutional monarchy, and formed in 1867 through an act of Confe as Plan B, in the UK as Levonelle and in France as NorLevo.

Products such as Preven, Plan B and Levonelle are specifically designed and marketed as emergency contraceptive pills. It is also possible to obtain the same dosage of hormones, and therefore the same effect, by taking a number of normal birth control pills; see Yuzpe Regimen for some examples. Note: Preven is no longer in production as it is less effective and has more intense side effects than other emergency contraceptive pills.

2 Use as a birth control method

The morning-after pill cannot be recommended as the main means of birth control because of its strong side effects and relatively low reliability. It also does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. However, it is used by some as a back-up when other means of contraception have failed—for example, if one has forgotten to take the Pill or when a condom is torn during sex.

An alternative to the morning-after pill is the intrauterine device which can be used up to 5 days (In some cases 7 days [1]) after unprotected intercourse.

3 Morning-after pills and abortion

For those who hold that pregnancy begins at implantation, the morning-after pill prevents pregnancy. Those who hold that pregnancy begins at conception classify this prevention of implantion as an abortion in cases where fertilization has already occurred. Medically, the morning-after pill is not classified as an abortifacient, since medically that term relates only to an established pregnancy where implantation has already occurred.

Emergency contraception's only proven mechanism is preventing ovulation. Other possible ways that the pills work are by preventing the released egg from being fertilized, or by preventing the implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus, but these have not been shown scientifically or reliably. Theoretically, the predominant mechanism would vary according to the stage of the menstrual cycle.

The morning-after pill is somewhat controversial: opponents, often social or religious conservatives, object to it since it may prevent the implantation of an already fertilized egg, which they consider to be an abortion. Others hold that it is emergency contraception which reduces the number of unwanted pregnancies and surgical abortions, and is therefore beneficial. They have no moral objection to preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg.

The morning-after pill is not to be confused with RU-486, an actual abortifacient which ends a pregnancy by inducing a chemical abortion of an implanted embryo.

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