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In computing, the Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. Its primary use has been to connect computers using a phone line, though it is also occasionally used over broadband connections. Many ISPs use PPP when providing customers with dial-up access (e.g. to the Internet, where it has largely superseded an older protocol known as SLIP).

PPP is commonly used to act as a layer 2 (the "Data Link" layer of the OSI model) protocol for connection over synchronous and asynchronous circuits. PPP was designed to work with several network layer protocols, such as IP, IPX and AppleTalk, and as a replacement for the non-standard layer 2 protocol SLIP.

PPP was designed much later than the original HDLC specifications. As a result, the creators of PPP included many additional features that had not been seen in WAN data-link protocols up to that time.

1 Enhanced error detection

PPP uses FCS fields to determine if an individual frame has an error, however PPP monitors the frequency with which frames are received in error, and it can be configured to take down an interface if too many errors occur.

2 Looped link detection

LCP (Link Control Protocol, an integral part of PPP and defined in the same RFC) notices looped links using a feature involving magic numbers. When using PPP, the endpoint sends PPP LCP messages, these messages include a magic number which is different on each end point. If a line is looped, the end point receives an LCP message with its own magic number instead of getting a message with the other peer's magic number.

PPP provides hooks for automatically configuring the network interfaces at each end (setting an IP address, default gateway etc.) and for authentication.

PPP is described by IETF RFC 1661. Numerous documents on PPP have been published through the RFC process since July 1990, including various authentication, encryption and compression methods and the use of PPP in conjunction with other network protocols

RFC 1994 describes CHAP, the Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol which is commonly used when establishing dialup connections with ISPs.

RFC 2516 describes PPPoEPPPOE or PPPoE point-to-point protocol over Ethernet is a network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames in Ethernet frames. It is used mainly with cable modem and DSL services. It offers standard PPP features such as authentication, encryption, and compre, a method for transmitting PPP over

EthernetEthernet is a packet-based computer networking technology for local area networks (LANs). It defines wiring and signaling for the physical layer, and packet formats and protocols for the media access control (MAC)/ data link layer of the OSI model. Ethern which is sometimes used with DSLDigital Subscriber Line or DSL refers to a family of technologies that provide a digital connection over the copper wires of the local telephone network. Its origin dates back to 1988, when an engineer at Bell research lab devised a way to carry digital s.

RFC 2364 describes PPPoAPPPOA or PPPoA Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over ATM is a network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames in ATM AAL5. It used mainly with cable modem and DSL services. It offers standard PPP features such as authentication, encryption, and compression., a method for transmitting PPP over ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode or ATM for short, is a cell relay network protocol which encodes data traffic into small fixed sized (53 byte) cells instead of variable sized packets as in packet-switched networks (such as the Internet Protocol or Ethernet). Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) known as or PPPoATM for PPP over ATM.

3 PPP frame

Name	Number of bytes	Description
Flag	1	indicates frame's begin or end
Address	1	broadcast address
Control	1	control byte
Protocol	2	setting of protocol in data field
Data	variable (0 or more)	datagram
FCS	2 (or 4)	error correction sum

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Topics: Point-to-Point Protocol Ppp Rfc Layer Number Magic Error...

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