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Pokémon types represent the strengths and weaknesses of different Pokémon. They lay the foundation of a complex yet mostly logical rock, paper, scissors-system that applies to every Pokémon and their respective moves. Some type advantages and disadvantages make obvious sense; others can seem more obscure.1 Terminology
- When an attack has a type advantage over the Pokémon being attacked, it is said to be super-effective, and does double the normal damage. A Pokémon being attacked with a super-effective move is said to be weak to that type.
- When an attack has a type disadvantage against the Pokémon being attacked, it is said to be not very effective or weak against that type, and causes half the normal damage. A Pokémon being attacked with a not very effective move is said to be resistant to that type.
- Some types are completely immune to others – when an attack that a Pokémon's type is immune to is used on it, the attack is said to have no effect and causes zero damage. A Pokémon being attacked with a non-effective move is said to be immune to that type.
- Some Pokémon have two types, and both are taken into consideration when determining whether an attack is super-effective, not very effective, or not effective at all. These Pokémon are said to be dual-typed Pokémon, or simply dual-types.
- Both of a Pokémon's types may be weak to an attack – in this case, the attack will cause quadruple the normal damage.
- Both of a Pokémon's types may be resistant to an attack – in this case, the attack will cause one quarter of the normal damage.
- One of a Pokémon's types may be weak to an attack while the other is resistant to it – in this case, the weakness and resistance cancel each other out, and the attack causes normal damage.
- If one of a Pokémon's types is immune to an attack's type, the attack will never cause damage, regardless of the Pokémon's other type.
2 History of the Pokémon types
Originally, there were 15 Pokémon types:
- Bug
- Dragon
- Electric
- Fighting
- Fire
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- Flying
- Grass
- Ghost
- Ground
- Ice
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- Normal
- Poison
- Psychic
- Rock
- Water
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With Pokémon Gold and Silver, two new types were added:
There are also 2 types that only have one or two Pokémon or attacks in them.
Bird is 'M and Missingno.'s type and is likely the result of a programming oversight.
??? is a type is that is only found in one attack in the Pokémon Gold and Silver games – Curse. Curse's effect depends on the type of the Pokémon using it (namely, whether it is a Ghost-type or not).
Additionally, ??? is the type given for moves that Shadow Pokémon in Pokémon Colosseum cannot use until the doors to their hearts have started to open. Shadow Rush, a move only found in Pokémon Colosseum on Shadow Pokémon, has no type.
In all, there are 18 Pokémon types and 1 unique attack type.
3 Element-specific attacks
Most, if not all, Pokémon learn attacks specific to their element as well as basic physical attacks. For example, the Electric-type Pikachu could know basic Normal-type attacks such as Growl and Quick Attack, but also Electric attacks like Thundershock and Thunder Wave. Pokémon receive a bonus to the power of moves of their own type, as compared with equivalent Pokémon of other types learning the same move. This is known as same type attack bonus, or STAB. For instance, a Pikachu (an Electric-type Pokémon) will do more damage with Thunderbolt (an Electric-type move) than would a Raticate (a Normal-type Pokémon) with the same stats. To elaborate, the boost given by STAB is 1.5.
4 Information about specific Pokémon types
4.1 Bird-type Pokémon
The Bird-type was the original name for the Flying-type. In early screenshots of the English version of Pokémon, various Flying-type Pokémon were listed as Bird-type.
The only Bird-type Pokémon in the final game are Missingno. and 'M. They and the Bird type itself are almost certainly the result of a computer glitch.