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The nuclear warhead was developed at the (now) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by a team headed by Harold Brown from 1957. In July 1960, the Navy accepted delivery of the first 16 warheads and on November 15 the first Polaris missile was test launched from a submarine.
The missile was 12.3 m (40.5 ft) long and with a finspan of 2.6 m (8.5 ft) and capable of delivering a 1 Mt warhead 4000 km.
The Polaris's first version, the A-1, weighed 28,800 lb (13 t), stood 28.5 ft (8.7 m) tall, had a diameter of 54 in (1.4 m), and had a range of 1000 nautical miles (1,852 km). A test launch from the submarine on July 20, 1960, was the first ever rocket launch from a submerged launch platform. The USS George Washington was the first fleet ballistic missile submarine ( SSBN in US naval terminology), carrying sixteen missiles. From 1960 to 1966 a further forty SSBNs were launched.
Later versions (the A-2, A-3, and B-3) were larger, weighed more, and had longer ranges. The range increase was most important: The A-2 could fly 1500 nautical miles (2,300 km), the A-3 2500 nautical miles (4,600 km), and the B-3 2000 nautical miles (3,700 km). The A-3 featured multiple-reentry vehicles ( MRVMRV can refer to: Multiple Reentry vehicles MRV Communications.s) and the B-3 was to have featured penetration aids to counter SovietThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR ( Russian: ; tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (SSSR) also called the Soviet Union ( ; tr. Sovetsky Soyuz , was a state in much of the northern region of Eurasia that existed from 1922 until 1 Anti-Ballistic Missile defenses. The B-3 evolved into the C-3 Poseidon missile.
The missile began to be replaced by Poseidon beginning in 19721972 is a leap year starting on Saturday (click link for calendar). Events January events January 2 the Pierre Hotel Heist Six men rob the safety deposit boxes of the Pierre Hotel in New York City. Loot is at least $4 million January 5 President of the Un, in the 1980sMillennia: 1st millennium 2nd millennium 3rd millennium Centuries: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s Years: 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Events and trends both were replaced by the Trident I.
The British use of Polaris stems from the failure of the Blue Streak missile and the cancellation of the Skybolt project in the 1950s. Harold Macmillan and John F. Kennedy agreed at the 1962 Nassau Conference (referred to as the Nassau Agreement ) that the United States would supply Britain with Polaris missiles. America would supply the missiles, the launch tubes and the fire control system, while the warheads and submarines would be British made. In return America was given certain assurances by Britain regarding the use of the missile. The Polaris Sales Agreement was signed on April 6, 1963.
The British Polaris submarines were the Resolution-class ballistic missile submarines. The Polaris system underwent a significant, British designed, life extension programme called Chevaline, which while reducing the total number of warheads available added various defensive measures.
The British eventually upgraded to the Trident missile after much political wrangling over the cost and necessity, but waited for the Trident II (D5) variant.
See also: Program Evaluation and Review Technique, List of missiles
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