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The key assumption of such a spectrum is that people's views on many issues correlate strongly, or that one essential issue subsumes or dominates all others. For a political spectrum to exist, there must be range of beliefs. Political systems in which most people fall clearly into one group or another with almost no one in between, such as most nationalist controversies, are not well described by a political spectrum.
In a modern Islamic country, for instance, a political spectrum might be divided along the issue of the clergy's role in government. Those who believe clerics should have the power to enforce Islamic law are on one end of the spectrum, those who support a secular society are on the other; moderates fall at various points in between. In Taiwan, the political spectrum is defined in terms of Chinese reunification versus Taiwan independence.
Even in issues of nationalism, spectra can exist; for example, in the Basque Country of Spain, Basque nationalists range from the EAJ/PNV, who have engaged in coalition governments with both the socialist PSOE and the conservative Partido Popular, to ETA, which engage in terror tactics and armed struggle against the Spanish national government, which they view as an occupying power.
Political spectra can end when one group wins so thoroughly that there is no longer a divergence of opinions. This occurred in the 1970s in the People's Republic of China in the case between the rightists and the leftists in which the rightists won, or in the late 18th century controversy between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists in the United StatesThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in. However, what tends to happen in this situation is that the winners start disagreeing over new issues and a new political spectrum is created. Also, in some cases, the defeated side can re-appear after several years or several decades, and start the controversy anew.
However, many times the political spectrum remains, although the issues which define the spectrum change. An example was the controversy over the succession of William of Orange's successor to the English throne. This helped to define the British political spectrum which exists to this day, long after the original controversy was resolved.
See main article Left-Right politicsLeft-Right politics is the traditional terminology used to describe the two ideological poles of a political spectrum in a society, especially in a democracy. In modern Western countries, the political spectrum usually is described along left- right lines
In modern Western countries, the political spectrum usually is described along leftIn politics, left-wing political left leftism or simply the left are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (- rightIn politics, right-wing the political right or simply the right are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. It is usually, but not always, associated with conservatism. lines. This traditional political spectrum is defined along an axis with ConservatismConservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. There are also a number of Conservative political parties in various countries. All of these are primarily (though not necessaril, theocracyTheocracy is a form of government in which the governmental rulers are identical with the leaders of the dominant religion. In a theocracy, governmental policies are either identical with or strongly influenced by the principles of the majority religion,, and Fascism ("the right") on one end, and Socialism and Communism ("the left") on the other. In North America and Europe, the term Liberalism refers to a wide range of political viewpoints, often seen as divergent between the United States and the rest of the world. The term left and right was also used to describe politics in China starting in the 1920s until the 1980s, although the issues often were very different from the ones in Western nations.
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