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The President of the Supreme Court and the hungarian civil and penal legal system he leads is fully independent of the Executive Branch.
The Attorney GeneralIn most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. Australia In Austral or Chief ProsecutorIn countries adopting the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system, the prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individua of Hungary is currently fully independent of the Executive Branch, but his status is actively debated.
Several ombudsmanAn ombudsman is a government official charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints reported by individual citizens. The term arose from its use in Sweden, with the Parliamentary ombudsman instituted in 1 offices exist in Hungary to protect civil, minority, educational and ecological rights in non-judical matters. They can issue legally binding decisions since late 2003.
Financial:The National Bank of Hungary has been fully independent between 1990-2004, but new legislation has essentially subjected it to the Prime Minister's control as of November 2004. This legislation is currently pending in the Constitutional Court.
| Country name | |
| Conventional long form: | Republic of Hungary |
| Conventional short form: | Hungary |
| Local long form: | Magyar Köztársaság |
| Local short form: | Magyarország |
Data code:
HU
International car sticker code:
H
International aircraft identification prefix:
HA-
Government type:
Parliamentary democracyCapital:
BudapestSee Budapest (band) for the british melancholic post-grunge band. Danube in foreground, looking south from Margit Bridge Budapest (pronounced BOO-dah-pesht, X-SAMPA: /budapESt/), the capital city of Hungary and the country's principal political, industriaAdministrative divisions: 19 countiesHungary is subdivided administratively into 40 regions. Of these, 19 are counties megyek singular megye and 20 are so-called urban counties (singular megyei varos , in addition to which there is one capital city fovaros : Budapest. The other 39 are: Urban (megyék, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei város), and 1 capital city** (főváros); Bács-KiskunBacs-Kiskun is the name of an administrative county ( comitatus or megye) in southern Hungary, on the border with Serbia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Baranya, Tolna, Fejer, Pest, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok and Csongrad. The capital of Bacs-Kis, Baranya, Békés, Békéscsaba*, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Budapest**, Csongrád, Debrecen*, Dunaújváros*, Eger*, Fejér, Gyor*, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Hajdú-Bihar, Heves, Hódmezővásárhely*, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvár*, Kecskemét*, Komárom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nógrád, Nyíregyháza*, Pécs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Szeged*, Székesfehérvár*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabánya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprém, Veszprém*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg*
Established:
896 A.D. (arrival of hungarian tribes in the Carpathian Basin)Independence:
1001 (unification by King Stephen I)Official National holiday:
Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (Consitution Day, also commemorates the coronation of King Stephen I in 1000 AD)Some Paid National Holidays:
Revolution Day 1848, 15 March (Commemorates the beginning of anti- Habsburg independence struggle and patriotic war in 1848- 1849)
Easter (Religious date, but practically just a resting day, with folk-culture celebrations and spraying girls with perfume) Labour Day, 1 May (Celebrates workers' rights and organized labour movement) Pentecost (Religious date, but practically just a resting day, with folk-culture celebrations)Revolution Day 1956, 23 October (Commemorates the beginning of the hungarian anti-communist revolution in late 1956)
All Saints Day (Commemorates the death, traditional cemetery visit time for hungarian people) Christmas Days, 25-26 December (Christmas Eve will also be paid holiday by 2006)New Year's Day (Resting day, because people get drunk during the New Year's Eve celebrations)
Constitution :
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial systemLegal system: rule of law based on Western model
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal. People serving prison terms cannot vote or be elected.
Religion: There is no state state-sponsored religion in Hungary and the constitution also bans establishing one.
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Ferenc Mádl (since 6 June 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány, MSZP, in coalition with SZDSZ ( 29 September 2004-)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
elections:
President elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held in 2000 (next to be held in 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Országgyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections:
last held 7 April and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006)
election results:
percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20. See official election site
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms
Political parties and leaders: (the first ones in order of popular votes in the elections 2002)
Political parties currently not represented in the Parliament:
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP ( Zsolt Semjén , president); Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP ( Erzsébet Pusztai , chairman); Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIÉP ( István Csurka , chairman); Hungarian Workers' Party or Munkáspárt ( Gyula Thürmer , chairman); Independent Smallholders or FKGP ( József Torgyán , president) that fell into pieces around 2001- 2002.Member of the international organizations:
ABEDA , Australia Group, BIS, CE , CEI, CERN , EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (member, as by May 1, 2004), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD , ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM , IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat , Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP , UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, Zangger CommitteeFlag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green. The hungarian coat of arms is often placed in the middle of the flag.
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