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The city belonged to Lithuania from the 14th century. Polish administration took over in 1569. In 1667 Poltava became part of the Russian Empire.
In the Battle of Poltava on June 27, 1709 (Old Style), or 8 July (New Style), tsar Peter the Great, commanding 45,000 troops, defeated at Poltava a Swedish army of 29,000 troops led by field marshal Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld (who had received the command of the army after the wounding of the Swedish king Charles XIICharles XII Karl XII or Carolus Rex ( June 17, 1682 November 30, 1718) was a King of Sweden ( 1697 1718). He came to the throne at the age of fifteen and left the country three years later to embark on a series of battles overseas, that briefly made Swede on June 17June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. Events 1497 Battle of Deptford Bridge Forces under King Henry VII soundly defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. 1565 Matsunaga Hisahide assasinat). "Like a Swede at Poltava" remains a simile for "totally helpless" in Russian and Ukrainian idiom. The battle marked the end of Sweden as a great powerIn the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power national power or state power is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers middle po and the rise of RussiaThe Russian Federation ( Russian: , transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija , or Russia (Russian: , transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. With as one.