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The city of Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many smaller places around the Bay of Naples, were Roman municipalities destroyed during an eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius in 79. The eruption was described by Pliny the Younger (see below), whose uncle Pliny the Elder died after making several trips across the bay with a flotilla of pleasure craft and fishing boats to save some of those trapped in the seaside towns.
The town was founded in the 7th century BC by the Osci, a people of central Italy, on a hill near the mouth of the Sarno River , already in use as a safe port by Greek and Phoenician sailors. When Etruscans threatened an attack, Pompeii allied with the Greeks, who then dominated the Gulf of Naples. In the 5th century BC6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BC other centuries) ( 2nd millennium BC 1st millennium BC 1st millennium AD) Events Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt Persians invade Greece twice ( Persian Wars) Battle of Marathon ( 490) Battl, the Samnites conquered it (and all the other towns of CampaniaCampania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region covers 13,595 km² and has a population of 5. The name direc); the new rulers imposed their architecture and enlarged the town. It has been supposed that during the Samnites' domination, Rome conquered Pompeii for a while, but these theories have not been verified.
Pompeii took part in the war that the towns of Campania initiated against Rome, but in 89 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 94 BC 93 BC 92 BC 91 BC 90 BC 89 BC 88 BC 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC Events Social War Roman forces under Lu it was besieged by SullaThis page is about the Roman dictator Sulla, for the Brythonic goddess sometimes called Sulla, see Sul. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L·CORNELIVS·L·F·P·N·SVLLA·FELIX) (ca. 138 BC 78 BC) was usually known simply as Sulla . His cognomen Felix — the. Although the troops of the Social League , headed by Lucius Cluentius , helped in resisting the Romans, in 80 BCCenturies: 2nd century BC 1st century BC 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 85 BC 84 BC 83 BC 82 BC 81 BC 80 BC 79 BC 78 BC 77 BC 76 BC 75 BC Events Battle of the Baetis River Rebel Pompeii was forced to surrender after the conquest of NolaAlternative meaning a title of a piano composition by Felix Arndt Nola a city and episcopal see of Campania, Italy, in the province of Naples, pleasantly situated in the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines, 16 miles ENE of Naples, 121 feet abov. It became a Roman colony with the name of Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompeianorum. The town became an important passage for goods that arrived by sea and had to be sent toward Rome or Southern Italy along the nearby Appian Way.
In 62, a violent earthquake severely damaged Pompeii and many other towns of Campania. In the time between 62 and 79 (the eruption), it was rebuilt, perhaps richer than before in houses and artworks.
The inhabitants of Pompeii, as those of the area today, had long been used to minor tremors and wisps of gas from Mt. Vesuvius, and in 65 AD there had been a series of earthquakes serious enough to cause structural damage to houses in town; and in early August of 79 AD , all the town's wells dried up; but the warnings were not sharp enough, and the Roman world was stunned when on August 23 a catastrophic volcanic eruption of the volcano buried the city and obscured the sun on a mild afternoon. Coincidentally, the date was that of the Vulcanalia, the festival of the Roman god of fire.
The only reliable eyewitness account of the event was recorded by Pliny the Younger in a letter to the historian Tacitus. Pliny saw a strange phenomenon occurring over Mt. Vesuvius: a large dark cloud shaped rather like a pine tree emanating from the mouth of the mountain. After some time the cloud rushed down the flanks of the mountain and covered everything around it, including the surrounding sea.
The "cloud" that Pliny the Younger wrote about is known today as a pyroclastic flow, which is a cloud of superheated gas, ash, and rock that erupts from a volcano. Pliny stated that several earth tremors were felt at the time of the eruption and were followed by a very violent shaking of the ground. He also noted that ash was falling in very thick sheets and the village he was in had to be evacuated. Also, the sea was sucked away and forced back by an "earthquake", a phenomenon which modern geologists call a tsunami.
His description then turned to the fact that the sun was blocked out by the eruption and the daylight hours were left in darkness. His uncle Pliny the Elder had already taken several ships to investigate the phenomenon. On the other shore, Pliny the Elder apparently died from carbon dioxide asphyxiation after lying on the ground.
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