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A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he joined the Cistercian order. He was named cardinal-priest of Santa Prassede by Pope Innocent II and cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Velletri by Pope Adrian IV. He was one of the most influential cardinals under Pope Alexander III.
After being elected pope, he lived at Rome from November 1181 to March 1182, but dissensions in the city compelled him to pass the remainder of his pontificate in exile, mainly at Velletri, Anagni and Verona.
He disputed with the emperor Frederick IFrederick I Hohenstaufen ( 1122 June 10 1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa ("Frederick Redbeard") was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18 1155. He was also Duke of Swabia (1147-1152, as Frederick I the disposal of the territories of the late Countess Matilda of TuscanyMatilda, countess of Tuscany ( 1046 July 24, 1114), was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. She is sometimes called. The controversy over the succession to the inheritance of the Countess had been left unsettled by the peace of 1177, and the Emperor Frederick proposed in 1182 that the CuriaThe Curia of ancient Rome was the place where the Senate met to discuss the making of laws and take decisions about the affairs of the Republic. The original Curia building was built, according to legend, by the king Tullus Hostilius in the Forum Romanum should renounce its claim, receiving in exchange two-tenths of the imperial income from Italy, one-tenth for the pope and the other tenth for the cardinals. Lucius consented neither to this proposition nor to another compromise suggested by Frederick the next year; nor did a personal discussion between the two potentates at Verona in Oct., 1184, lead to any definite result.
Meantime other causes of disagreement appeared, in the pope's refusal to comply with Frederick's wishes as to the regulation of German episcopal elections which had taken place during the schism, and especially as to the contested election to the see of Treves in 1183.
In pursuance of his anti-imperial policy, he declined finally in 1185 to crown Henry VIHenry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (November 1165 September 28, 1197) was king of Germany 1190-1197, and Holy Roman Emperor 1191-1197. Emperor Henry VI was crowned king of Sicily in Palermo in 1194, entered Rome in 1196, and was crowned by Pope Celestine III. as Frederick's destined successor, and the breach between the empire and the Curia became wider on questions of Italian politics.
In November 1184 he held a synod at Verona which condemned the Cathars, Paterines , WaldensiansThe Waldensians were followers of Peter Waldo (or Valdes or Vaudes); they called themselves the Poor men of Lyon, the Poor of Lombardy, or the Poor. A Christian sect believing in poverty and austerity, they were founded around 1173 promoting true poverty, and Arnoldists , and anathematized all those declared as heretics and their abettors.
In 1185 preparations began for the Third Crusade in answer to appeals of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Before they were completed, Lucius died in Verona.
| Preceded by Alexander III | Pope ( list) | Succeeded by Urban III |
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica This article includes content derived from the public domain Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914.
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