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Simon de Brion was born in France at Montpensier Castle in the province of Touraine (near Tours), in about 1210. He spent a brief period as a priest in Rouen, then served as canon and treasurer at the church of St. Martin in Tours.
In 1260, he was made chancellor of France by Louis IX of France.
In December of 1262, he was made cardinal-priest (nominally in charge of the church of St. Cecilia) by Pope Urban VIUrban VI nee Bartolomeo Prignano ca. 1318 October 15, 1389), pope ( 1378 to 1389), was a native of Naples. A devout monk and learned casuist, he became archbishop of Bari in 1377, and, on the death of Gregory XI, the Roman populace clamorously demanding a.
He served as a legateA Papal legate is a representative of the Pope to the nations. He is empowered on the matters of unity of the catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the Pope, hence a legate is usually sent to for Urban VI and also for his successor Clement IVClement IV ne Guy Foulques (d. November 29, 1268), pope from 1265, was elected pope in February 1265. Before taking orders he had been successively a soldier and a lawyer, and in the latter capacity had acted as secretary to Louis IX of France, to whose i in the negotiations for the assumption of the crown of SicilySicily Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. 1 million inhabitants. Towns and Cities Sicily's principal cities include the regional capital Palermo, together with t by Charles of Anjou, with whom he became deeply politically entwined. Later, Pope Gregory XGregory X ne Theobald Visconti (ca. 1210 January 10, 1276) was pope from 1271 to 1276. He succeeded Clement IV after the papal chair had been three years vacant; his election occurred while he was engaged in the Ninth Crusade to Saint Jean d'Acre with Edw sent him again as legate to stem the abuses of the Catholic Church there; there he presided over several synodA synod (also known as a council is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine or administration. An ecumenical council is so named because it is a synod of the whole church (or, more accurately, of what thos on reform, the most important of which was held at Bourges in September, 1276.
Six months after the death of Pope Nicholas III in 1280, Charles of Anjou intervened in the papal conclave at Viterbo by imprisoning two influential Italian cardinals, on the grounds that they were interfering with the election. Without their opposition, Simon de Brion was unanimously elected to the papacy (taking the title Martin IV) on February 22, 1281.
Viterbo was placed under interdict for the imprisonment of the cardinals, and Rome was not at all inclined to accept a hated Frenchman as Pope, so Simon was crowned instead at Orvieto on March 23, 1281. (Though he was only the second pope to choose the name of Martin, he is now known as Martin IV, because the Popes Marinus I and Marinus II have historically been listed among the Martins.)
Dependent on Charles of Anjou in nearly everything, the new Pope quickly appointed him to the position of Roman Senator. At the insistence of Charles, Martin IV excommunicated the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, who stood in the way of Charles' plans to restore the Latin Empire of the East. He thus broke the tenuous union which had been reached between the Greek and the Latin Churches at the Second Council of Lyons in 1274, and further compromise was rendered impossible.
In 1282, Charles was overthrown in the violent massacre known as the Sicilian Vespers. The Sicilians had elected Peter III of Aragon as their king, but Martin IV used all the spiritual and material resources at his command against him, trying to preserve Sicily for France. He excommunicated Peter III, declared his kingdom of Aragon forfeit, and ordered a crusade against him, but it was all in vain.
Pope Martin IV died at Perugia on March 28, 1285.
Among the seven cardinals created by Martin IV was Benedetto Gaetano, who afterwards ascended the papal throne as the famous Pope Boniface VIII.
| Preceded by Nicholas III | Pope ( list) | Succeeded by Honorius IV |
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