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Saint Pius X, né Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, ( 2 June 1835 - 20 August 1914) was Pope from 1903 to 1914. He succeeded Pope Leo XIII in 1903. He was the first pope for centuries (since the time of the Counter-Reformation Pope St. Pius V) to be named a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto was born Riese, Province of Treviso, in the Veneto. His parents were Giovanni Battista Sarto, a postman, and Margarita. Sarto was ordained a priest in 1858. As a young priest he studied both Saint Thomas and the Catholic Church's Canon Law. In 1875 he was made a canon of the cathedral of Treviso, becoming in 1878 vicar-capitular. On the 10 November 18841884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). Events January 4 The Fabian Society is founded in London. February 1 Edition one of the Oxford English Dictionary is published. March 13 The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on Janu, Sarto joined the episcopate by becoming Bishop of Mantua. In June, 1893Events January 1 Japan accepts the Gregorian calendar January 2 Introduction by Webb C. Ball of the General Railroad Timepiece Standards in North America: Railroad chronometers January 13 The Independent Labour Party of the UK has its first meeting. Janua Sarto was named a cardinal in a secret consistory. In 1896 he was publicly named as the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice. However a political difficulty arose over his assumption of the patriarchy, as the Royal Italian Government claimed the right to nominate a clergyman to that position, based on an alleged role in the appointment previously exercised by the Emperor of AustriaThe title of Emperor of Austria was proclaimed in 1804 by the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II, who feared for the future of the old Reich in the face of Napoleon's aggressions, and wished to maintain his imperial title in the event that the Holy R. The anticlericalism of the Italian Royal Court and the attitudes in the Papal Court to the liberation of Rome from papal rule in 1870 complicated relationships. Eventually the Italian state backed down and Cardinal Sarto was able to assume control of his post.
Following the death of the much loved and very elderly Pope Leo XIII, Sarto was elected to the See of Peter on 4 August 1903 by a vote of 55 out of a possible 60 votes in the Papal Conclave.
This Conclave was noted for being the last time the veto was used to block a candidate to the throne - being used on behalf of Austria against Cardinal Mariano Rampolla ( Papal Secretary of State ). Pius X subsequently abolished the veto.
Pius' coronation, using the traditional Papal Tiara, took place on the following Sunday, 9 August 1903.
His papacy was noted for its conservative agenda. He condemned what he termed 'modernists' and 'relativists' who he believed endangered the Catholic faith (see for example his Anti-Modernist oath). Modernism he called the "synthesis of all heresies". It was a theological trend which tried to assimilate modern philosophers like Kant into church theology, much in the same way Aristotlean philosophy was united with Theology by the scholastics. It justified this change with the idea that all beliefs of the church have evolved throughout its history and must continue to evolve. It is primarily for this reason Pius the X was made a saint, since he was thought to have defend the souls of many people who would have perished due to the supposed modernist heresies.
St. Pius provoked a crisis for Catholicism in France when he condemned the French president for visiting Victor Emmanuel III, the King of Italy, with whom the Church was in dispute since 1870 over the Italian state' seizure of the Papal States that year. The result of the clash was a complete separation of church and state in France and the expulsion of the Jesuits.
Pius X called for the codification of Canon law, which up until that time was mostly in the form of court precedents. He also called for daily communion, as well as first communion to be given as soon as the child had reached the age of reason.
Pius X heavily promoted the use of Gregorian chant in the Catholic liturgy.
Pius X published 16 encyclicals among them Vehementer nos on February 11, 1906.
Pius strove hard to avoid the outbreak of World War One. His death in 1914 was in part credited to his horror at the impending war. Pius X became St. Pius X, when he was canonised a saint of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius XII in 1954.
Pius X died almost simultaneously with the 'Black Pope,' the head of the order of Jesuits, Father Francesco Zavier Wernz. (See The Times for 20 August 1914.)
The canonisation of Pope Pius X in 1954
The remains of Pope Pius X, which though not embalmed in 1914 had not decayed, were displayed in a glass coffin in St. Peter's Basilica for the ceremony
| Preceded by Leo XIII | Pope ( list) | Succeeded by Benedict XV |
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