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The first European visitors to reach Prairie du Chien were the French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet, who reached the city by canoe on June 17, 1673, and discovered the Mississippi River. Most further travel between French Canada and the Mississippi River passed through Prairie du Chien. In 1685, the French explorer Nicholas Perrot established a fur trading post in Prairie du Chien as part of the massive French fur trade industry. The significance of Prairie du Chien as a center of the Fur Trade did not diminish until the mid-19th Century.
In 1763, Great Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War, and took possession of the French territory in North America, including Prairie du Chien. The British expanded the Fur Trade during their occupation of the area. During the American Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War ( 1775 1783), also known as the American War of Independence was a war fought between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. The war, which eventually widened far beyond British Nor the city was used as meeting point for British Troops and their Native AmericanNative Americans (also Indians Aboriginal Peoples American Indians First Nations Alaskan Natives or Indigenous Peoples of America are the indigenous inhabitants of Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. This term compri allies. After the Treaty of Paris (1783)The Treaty of Paris of 1783 signed on September 3, 1783, formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and her North American Colonies. Great Britain signed ancillary treaties with France and Spain as the Treaties of V granted the area to the new United States of AmericaThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in, the British and their Loyalists were slow to withdraw. Only after the War of 1812The North American War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom is one of several wars associated with that year. It is more normally known in British texts as the British-American War to distinguish it from Napoleon's war against Russia w would the city become fully American.
The U.S. was slow to present any authority over Prairie du Chien, but late in the War of 1812 the U.S. realized the importance of holding Prairie du Chien to prevent British Attacks from Canada, and began construction of Fort Shelby in 1814Events January 14 Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden January 29 French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne January 31 Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina. February Congress of Chatillon see George Hamilton Gordo. In July, the fort was captured by British Soldiers, who occupied it until the war's end in 1815Events January 3 Austria, Britain, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 8 War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans February 3 The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland February 6 New Jersey g.
Not wanting another invasion through Prairie du Chien, the Americans constructed Fort CrawfordFort Crawford was the name of two fortifications of the United States Army built in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Both of the forts were part of a string of fortifications along the upper Mississippi River that also included Fort Snelling near Saint Anthon in 1816. The fort was the site of the Treaty of Prairie du Chien ( 1825 & 1829).
In 1829, army doctor William Beaumont carried out many of his famous experiments on digestion in the Hospital of Fort Crawford. Beaumont's discoveries are still the basis of our knowledge on the human digestive process.
During the Black Hawk War of 1832 Col. Zachary Taylor, who later became the 12th U.S. President was the fort's commanding officer. Taylor oversaw the surrender of Black Hawk in Prairie du Chien. Lt. Jefferson Davis, who later became the president of the Confederate States of America was positioned at Fort Crawford at the same time, it was there that he met his future wife Sarah Knoxie Taylor.
In 1868, Wisconsin's first millionaire and Prairie du Chien's wealthiest resident, Hercules L Dousman Died. His son, H Louis Dousman inherited much of his fortune. In 1870 Louis Dousman had a luxurious victorian home, the Villa Louis, built. The home became Wisconsin's first state operated historic site in 1952.
In the early 1900s Prairie du Chien temporarily became a major center for the freshwater pearl industry. At the same time, the city's Jesuit-operated Campion High School gained recognition for excellence in education. The school closed in the 1970s, but not without a pair of famous alumni, Vicente Fox and George Wendt.
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