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Some scholars include all modern Indic languages ultimately derived from Sanskrit under the rubric of "Prakrits"; others prefer to designate as Prakrits only dialects and languages that were used in antiquity. Some define the Prakrit period as being between 1200 - 1000 BCE, while others place the period between the 3rd century BCE and the 4th century CE.
One notable Prakrit, is Pali, the language of the Tripitaka, often referred to in English as the " Pali Canon." This is the version of the Tripitaka (which historically occurred in several languages, including Sanskrit) that was compiled by the Theravada school of Buddhism. As a literary language of Buddhism, it has had some influence on both Sanskrit and a few modern Southeast Asian language s, such as Khmer and Thai.
According to the dictionary of Monier Monier-Williams, the most frequent meanings of the Sanskrit term "prakrta", from which our "prakrit" is derived, are "original , natural , artless , normal , ordinary , usual...low , vulgar , unrefined...provincial , vernacular," and the term is derived from prakrti, "making or placing before or at first, the original or natural form or condition of anything , original or primary substance." In linguistic terms, this is used in contrast with samskrta, "refined".
Virtually every Sanskrit student in India learns the traditional story that Sanskrit was created and then refined over many generations (traditionally more than a thousand years) until it was considered complete and perfect. Along this line, some have identified "Prakrit" as an original crude language from which Sanskrit was developed, though this is, of course, contrary to linguistic scholarship.
Some scholars restrict the Prakrits to the languages used by Hindu and
Jain writers; others include the Buddhist languages, such as Pali and Buddhist Hybrid SanskritBuddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) is the language in which most of the Buddhist Sutras, such as the Perfection of Wisdom literature, were written. BHS is a Middle Indo-Aryan language, a " Prakrit", to which have been added superficial elements designed to ma, and the inscriptional Prakrits. OtherPrakrits include the Ardhamagadhi, which is used to write Jain scriptures, GndhriAlternate meanings: see Gandhari Gndhri was a north-western prakrit spoken in Gndhra. Like all prakrits, it is thus descended from either Vedic Sanskrit or a closely related prior language. Gndhri has been found written in the Kharosthi script. Scholars b, and Paisaci, which is known through grammarians' statements. The modern languages of India developed from the Prakrits, after the intermediary stage of the Apabhramsa languageApabhramsa was the next modification in the spoken language of North India after Prakrit, in a period broadly lasting from the fifth to the tenth century. They led to modern-day languages like Hindustani, Bengali, Punjabi. Indian languages such as Tamil a.
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