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Among other things, President is today a common title for the head of state of a republic, whether popularly elected, chosen by the legislature or a special electoral college. It is also often adopted by dictators.
The bulk of this article is dedicated to this usage by heads of state. For more on other kinds of presidents, see Non-Governmental Presidents , below. For more on the usage of term "president", see President (history of the term).
framed George Washington, the First President of the United States.
Though there had been several republican countries in the past, it was the United States of America which popularized the position of President when the post was created as the new republic's Head of State in 1789. As South America became independent from Spanish rule, so too did these new republics adopt the title of "President" for their leaders, creating constitutions purposely similar to that of the US.
The first European president was the President of FranceThe President of France known officially as the President of the Republic President de la Republique in French), is France's elected Head of State. Four of France's five republics have had presidents as their heads of state, making the French presidency t, a post created in the Second Republic of 18481848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events Sri Lanka The Revolution of 1848 (qv. a series of widespread but failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary. January 24 California gold rush: Jame. (The First Republic had harkened back to the ancient Roman RepublicSee also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). The Roman Republic traditionally lasted as a representative government of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until the establishment of the Roman Empire, typically placed at 44 BC by appointing several consulFor modern diplomatic consuls see Consulate general. Consul (abbrev. was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire. Under the Republic, the minimum age of election to consul for patricians was 40 years of as at its head.) The first AsianThe term Asian can refer to something or someone from Asia. Its precise use varies depending on who is using it. In the United Kingdom and Anglophone Africa, the term Asian usually refers to people whose ethnic heritage is from the Indian subcontinent. president was the President of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Republic of China is the head of state of the Republic of China, the government which administered part or all of Mainland China from 1917 to 1949 and has administered Taiwan and several outlying islands from 1945 until the present. (1912), and the first African President was the President of Liberia created in 1848.
Today, the majority of countries have a President as their Head of State.
In states with what is called a Presidential system of government, the President is also the head of government, as well as the head of state. Countries with such a system include the United States and most nations in Latin America. In this system the office of President is very powerful, both in practice and theory. In the United States, the President is indirectly elected by the U.S. Electoral College made up of electors chosen by voters in the presidential election. In most U.S. states, each elector is committed to voting for a specified candidate determined by the popular vote in each state, so that the people, in voting for each elector, is in effect voting for the candidate. However, in several close U.S. elections (notably 1876, 1888, 2000), while one candidate received the most popular votes, another candidate managed to win more electoral votes in the Electoral College and so won the presidency.
thumb Josip Broz Tito, the President for Life of Yugoslavia.
President for Life
President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to ensure that their authority or legitimacy is never questioned.The first well-known incident of a leader extending his term indefinitely was Roman dictator Julius Caesar, who made himself " Perpetual Dictator" (commonly mistranslated as 'Dictator-for-life') in 45 BC. His actions would later be mimicked by the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte who was appointed "First Consul for life" in 1802.
Ironically, most leaders who proclaim themselves President for Life do not in fact successfully serve a life term. Even so presidents like Alexandre Sabès dit Pétion, Rafael Carrera, Josip Broz Tito and François Duvalier died in office.
The only living officially proclaimed president for life is Saparmurat Niyazov of Turkmenistan.
Many of them do not proclaim it officially "for life" even if it is evident that they are, like Fidel Castro of Cuba.
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