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Today, however, the term president is more commonly used today in reference to an officer with executive powers which extend beyond meetings and gatherings. In particular, the heads of state of many nations are known as "president." So although, as discussed above, various older governmental positions have included the word "president" in their titles, use of "president" to designate the chief executive of a country can be traced to the United States Constitution of 1787, which created the office of President of the United States.
Where did the drafters of the new constitution find the term? Certainly previous American governments had included "Presidents" (see Continental Congress and President of the United States in Congress Assembled), but these were presiding officers in the older sense. It has been suggested, rather, that the executive use of the term was in fact borrowed from early American colleges and universities, which were usually headed by a president.
British universities were typically headed by an official called the " ChancellorChancellor ( Latin: cancellarius , an official title used by most of the peoples whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman empire. At different times and in different countries it has stood and stands for very various duties, a", but America's first institutions of higher learning (such as Harvard and Yale) didn't resemble a full-sized university so much as one of its constituent colleges. And a number of colleges at CambridgeThis article is about Cambridge, England; see also other places called Cambridge. The city of Cambridge is an old English University town and the regional centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. It lies approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of London and i featured an official called the "President." The head, for instance, of Magdalene College, CambridgeMagdalene College (pronounced 'Maudlin') was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel before being refounded in 1542 as the College of St Mary Magdalene, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The refoundation was largely the work of Sir Tho was called the master and his second the president. The first president of Harvard, Henry DunsterHenry Dunster c. 1612 1659) was an English-American Puritan clergyman and educator. He was born in Lancashire, England, and studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He emigrated to Boston in 1640. When Master Nathaniel Eaton was dismissed as leader of the, had been educated at Magdalene; so some have speculated that he borrowed the term out of a sense of humility, considering himself only a temporary place-holder. The presiding official of Yale College, originally a "Rector" (after the usage of continental European universities), became "President" in 1745Events May 11 War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 Beginning of the '45 Jaco.
A common style of address for presidents, "Mr. President," is borrowed from British Parliamentary tradition, in which the presiding speaker of the House of Commons is refered to as "Mr. Speaker."
Once the United States adopted the title of "President" for its Republican Head of State, many other nations quickly followed suit. As South and Latin America became independent in the early 19th century, almost all of the new post-colonial nations chose a US-style President as their chief executive. Haiti became the first Caribbean Presidential republic when Henry Christophe assumed the title in 1807.
The first European president was the President of France, a post created in the Second Republic of 1848. (The First Republic had harkened back to the ancient Roman Republic by appointing several consuls at its head.) The first African Presidents were the President of Liberia (created in 1848), followed by the President of Ghana in 1960.
The first Asian president was the President of the Republic of China (1912).
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