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The President of the Soviet Union was the largely ceremonial Head of State of the USSR from 1990 to 1991. The office had not existed until 1990; previously the Head of State had been the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (Chairman of the All-Union Executive Committee, ВЦИК) from 1922-1938, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1938-1989, then the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet in 1989-90.
All effective executive political power was in the hands of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the Chairman exercising largely symbolic and figurehead duties. Four General Secretaries held the Chair of the Supreme Soviet simultaneously during their leaderships.
List of Heads of State:
- Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
- Mikhail Kalinin ( 1938- 1946)
- Nikolay ShvernikNikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik ( 1888- 1970) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (or President of the USSR) from March 19, 1946 until March 15, 1953. Though the titular head of state Shvernik, in fact, had little power as th ( 1946- 19531953 is a common year starting on Thursday (click on link for the calendar). Events January events January 7 President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 13 Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugosl)
- Kliment VoroshilovKliment Yefremovich Voroshilov ( January 23 1881 December 2, 1969) was a Soviet military commander and politician. Voroshilov was born in Verkhneye, near Dnepropetrovsk (then called Yekaterinoslav) in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. He joined th ( 19531953 is a common year starting on Thursday (click on link for the calendar). Events January events January 7 President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 13 Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugosl- 1960Events January-February January 1 Independence of Cameroon January 9 Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt January 11 Chad declares its independence. January 14 Ralph Chubb, the gay poet and printer, dies at Fair Oak Cottage in Hampshire. January 23)
- Leonid BrezhnevLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev ( Russian: ) ( December 19, 1906 November 10, 1982) was effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 ( 1960- 1964)
- Anastas Mikoyan ( 1964- 1965)
- Nikolai Podgorny ( 1965- 1977)
- Leonid Brezhnev ( 1977- 1982)
- Vasily Kuznetsov ( 1982- 1983) ( acting)
- Yuri Andropov ( 1983- 1984)
- Vasily Kuznetsov ( 1984) ( acting)
- Konstantin Chernenko ( 1984- 1985)
- Vasily Kuznetsov ( 1985) ( acting)
- Andrei Gromyko ( 1985- 1988)
- Mikhail Gorbachev ( 1988- 1990) (Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989)
- President of the Soviet Union
Yakov Sverdlov (1885-1919) was the closest thing to a head of state of the Bolshevik state before the formal establishment of the Soviet Union.
Soviet state Russian leaders
Soviet Union, President
