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It is a very pleasant and cosmopolitan city, situated in the transitional area between the Highveld and the Bushveld . As a result of its location, Pretoria has a particularly abundant variety of birdlife.
Pretoria is situated approximately 50 km north of Johannesburg. It lies in a warm, well sheltered, fertile valley, surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg range. Since 2000 it has been incorporated into the metropolitan area of Tshwane.
The city has a population of approximately 1.3 million (2 million if the whole of the Tshwane metropolitan area is taken into account).
The main languages spoken in Pretoria include Afrikaans, Tswana, English and NdebeleThere are two versions of Ndebele in South Africa, they both belong to the Nguni group of Bantu Languages. The Northern Ndebele or Nrebele and the Southern Ndebele otherwise known as Amandebele. There is also a separate language called Ndebele (that is sp among others.
During the difaqane in NatalKwaZulu-Natal Province Area92,100 kmē (xxx% of country's total) Population Total ( 2001) Density 9,426,000 (xx% of total)102/kmē GDPxx% of the country's total Languages isiZulu (80. 59%), English (13. 6%), isiXhosa (2. 3%), Afrikaans (1. 5%) Capital Piete, another band of refugees arrived in this area under the leadership of MzilikaziMzilikazi (meaning the path of blood (ca. 1790 9 September 1868) was a Southern African king who founded the Ndebele (sometimes also called the Matabele) kingdom in what is now Zimbabwe. He was born near Mkuze, Zululand (now part of South Africa) and died. However, they were forced to abandon their villages in their flight from a regimentA regiment is a military unit, typically consisting of around 500-700 soldiers. The term came into use in Europe around the end of the 16th century, when armies evolved from a collection of retinues following knights to a more formally organized structure of ZuluThis article is about the African ethnic group. For other meanings, see Zulu (disambiguation). Zulus Zulu Warriors, late 19th century (with some Europeans in the background) Total population: 5 million (est. Significant populations in: KwaZulu-Natal Provi raiders in 1832.
Pretoria itself was founded in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers, who named it after his father Andries Pretorius. The elder Pretorius had become a national hero of the Voortrekkers after his victory over the Zulus in the famous Battle of Blood River. It became the capital of the South African Republic (ZAR) soon afterwards.
The founding of Pretoria as the capital of the South African Republic can be seen as marking the end of the Boers' settlement movements of the Great Trek.
During the First Boer War, the city was besieged by Republican forces in December 1880 and March 1881.
The Second Boer War ( 1899 to 1902) resulted in the end of the South African Republic and start of British hegemony in South Africa. The Boer Republics of the ZAR and the Orange Free State were united with the Cape Colony and Natal Colony in 1910 to become the Union of South Africa. Pretoria then became the administrative capital of the whole of South Africa.
On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status. When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria remained its administrative capital.
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