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In the Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors or electoral princes— German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural)—were the members of the electoral college of Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the king of Germany before his accession as the next emperor. During and after the fifteenth century they often merely formalised what was in fact a dynastic succession. Formally, they elected a King of the Romans, who became Holy Roman Emperor only when crowned by the pope. Charles V was the last to be actually crowned; all of his successors were merely "Emperors-Elect." Electors were among the princes of the Empire, but they had several privileges (in addition to electoral ones) which were disallowed to their non-electoral brethren. For a great part of the Holy Roman Empire's history (at least from the fourteenth century, if not the thirteenth), there were seven electors, including three spiritual ones—the Archbishop of Mainz, the Archbishop of Trier and the Archbishop of Cologne—and four lay ones— King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of SaxonyList of Dukes, Electors, and Kings of Saxony, 880-1918 The original Duchy of Saxony was in Northern Germany, roughly corresponding to the modern German state of Lower Saxony and Westphalia. Dukes of Saxony Early dukes Widukind 743-807, first duke known by and the Margrave of BrandenburgSurrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germany's sixteen Bundeslander (federal states). Lying in the east of the country, it is one of the new states created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany a. (The last three aforementioned are also known as the Elector Palatine, the Elector of Saxony and the Elector of Brandenburg, respectively.) Other electors, added in the seventeenth century16th century 17th century 18th century more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601- 1700. During this period, the power of England and the United Provinces increased; while that of, include the Dukes of BavariaThe following is a list of rulers of Bavaria Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing ( Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-98 (referred to as Electors of Bavaria) and the Dukes of Brunswick-LüneburgHanover (German Hannover is a historical territory in today's Germany. It was an independent kingdom from 1814 to 1866 and a province of Prussia from 1866 to 1946. It is named after its capital, Hanover. In 1636, the capital of the Calenberg line of the D (the Electors of Hanover). In the early nineteenth centuryAlternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical ( 18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801- 1900. Events The Little Ice Age ended, several new electors were created, but they never participated in an election, for the Holy Roman Empire was abolished on August 6August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. Events 1806 Francis I, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire. 1825 Bolivia gains independence from Peru., 1806Events January 8 Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope March 23 After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocea.
