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In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word that usually takes the place of a noun previously mentioned, such as "I", "me", "she", "it", and so on.

Pronouns are one of the basic parts of speech, along with nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. A pronoun is the part of speech that substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and designates persons or things asked for, previously specified, or understood from the context. The substituted noun is the antecedent of the pronoun.

For example, consider the sentence "John gave the coat to Alice." All three nouns in the sentence can be replaced by pronouns to give: "He gave it to her." If the coat, John and Alice have been previously mentioned, the listener can deduce what the pronouns "he", "it" and "her" refer to and the understand the meaning of the sentence.

In the English language, which pronoun is used to replace a noun can depend on inflection, gender and number. For example, the speaker uses "I", "me", "myself" depending on the role he plays in the sentence; pronouns such as "he" and "she" depend on grammatical gender, and "I" and "we" depend on the number of people.

Other languages may use different distinctions. Kinuvo , a language spoken in Tanzania uses grammatical gender to distinguish between humans, animals, body parts and so on. The English dialect spoken in Dorset also does this to a certain extent, using "ee" for animate beings and "er" for inanimate.

Cherokee has several pronouns corresponding to the English "we" to mean "you and I", "another person and I" and "several other people and I".

1 English

Pronouns are unusual in English in that, unlike the nouns they replace, they are inflected; i.e., there are different versions of the word depending on the function it is serving in the sentence, so a speaker uses:

"I" when he or she is the subject of the sentence ( Nominative case)
"me" when he or she is the object of the sentence ( Accusative case)
"my" when he or she owns something ( Genitive case)
"me" when the pronoun stands on its own ( Disjunctive pronoun , as in "Who's there?" "It's only me.")

In other languages too (e.g., GermanGerman (called Deutsch in German in which germanisch refers to prechristian times), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and one of the world's major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union.), pronouns are more inflected than nouns.

The remainder of this article explains the different kinds of pronoun in more detail.

2 Personal pronouns in English

A Personal pronoun refers to people or things. The English personal pronouns are classified as follows:

First person refers to the speaker(s).
Second person refers to the person(s) being spoken to.
Third person refers to someone else.
Reflexive pronounIn some languages, there is a difference between reflexive and non-reflexive pronouns. Swedish examples. Jag ser honom". I see him. Han ser honom" (He sees him, i. someone other) "Han ser sig" ("He sees himself") In Swedish, there is also a difference bets are used as the objectIn linguistics, the object of a transitive verb is one of its core arguments, which generally represents the target of the verb's action. For example, the following monotransitive verbs have direct objects (marked in bold : :She ate the apple . The philos of a sentence when the subjectThe subject of a verb is the argument which generally refers to the origin of the action or the undergoer of the state shown by the verb. However, this definition depends on the particular language under consideration. In languages where a passive voice e and object match.
Possessive pronounA possessive pronoun is a word that attributes ownership to someone or something without using a noun. For example, in the phrase, These are my glasses, not yours the word my is a determinative possessive pronoun, and yours is an independent possessive prs are used to show ownership.

Case	Singular	Plural
first person, nominative	I	weWe is the nominative case of the first-person plural pronoun in English. Etymology It is descended from Old English w which was pronounced something like way in modern English. It is related to German wir Dutch wij Frisian wy and Danish vi . Other Indo-Eu
second, nominative	thouThis article is about the pronoun. For the unit of length, see thou (unit). Thou is the old second person singular pronoun of the English language. Thou is the nominative case; the oblique/ objective (functioning as both accusative and dative) is thee and⁽¹⁾, you	you, ye, y'all⁽⁴⁾, youse⁽⁴⁾, you-uns⁽⁴⁾, you-guys
third, nominative	he, she, it, they⁽³⁾	they
first, accusative	me	us
second, accusative	thee⁽¹⁾, you	you, ye⁽²⁾
third, accusative	him, her, it, them⁽³⁾	them
first, genitive	my	our
second, genitive	thy⁽¹⁾, your	your
third, genitive	his, her, its, their⁽³⁾	their
first, noun	mine	ours
second, noun	thine⁽¹⁾, yours	yours
third, noun	his, hers, its, theirs⁽³⁾	theirs
first, reflexive	myself	ourselves
second, reflexive	thyself⁽¹⁾, yourself⁽⁵⁾	yourselves⁽⁶⁾
third, reflexive	himself, herself, itself, themself⁽³⁾	themselves

Sometime between 1600 and 1800, the various forms of thou began to pass out of common usage in most places, except in poetry, archaic-style literature, and descriptions of other languages' pronouns. Thou refers to one person who is familiar, though as in other European languages, it is also used of God. Thou still exists in northern England and Scotland, and in some Christian religious communities.
In Scotland, ye is the plural you. In older times and in some other places today, ye is the nominative case and you is the accusative case. Some English dialects generalised ye, while standard English generalised you. Some dialects use ye as a clipped or clitic form of you.
Although using they as a singular pronoun when sex is not known or is not important is often condemned by traditionalists, it is often found in informal speech. In fact, it is a revival of an earlier usage and may one day become standard usage because it is so common; it also avoids awkward constructions like "he or she". This usage is authorised and preferred by the Australian Government Manual of Style for official usage in government documents.
Y'all, youse and you-uns are often used in colloquial speech as a plural form of you. The phrases you was and you were are also used to distinguish singluar and plural.
The only common distinction between singular and plural you is in the reflexive and emphatic forms.
English regional dialects often use variant pronouns.

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1 English

2 Personal pronouns in English

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