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It became the target of considerable attention in the wake of the collapse of Banco Ambrosiano (one of Milan's principal banks), and the suspicious 1982 death of its president Roberto Calvi in London, initially ruled a suicide but classified a murder and prosecuted.
Calvi's connections with the Worshipful Master Licio Gelli became a particular focus of press and police attention, and caused the lodge (then secret) to be discovered. A list of adherents was found in Gelli's house in Arezzo, containing over 900 names, among which were very important state officers, a few politicians, and a number of military officers, many of them enrolled in the Italian secret services. Notably, the current Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi was on the list, although he had not yet entered elective politics at the time. Another famous member was the Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples, the current head of the House of Savoy.
Then-prime minister Arnaldo Forlani was forced to resign, and was eventually convicted of related corruption charges. His government was also brought down by the scandal, and at the subsequent election opposite leftist parties won a mandate to replace it.
The lodge was then examined by a special commission of the Italian Parliament, directed by Tina Anselmi of the Democrazia Cristiana ("Christian Democrats") political party. The conclusion of the commission was that it was a secret criminal organization, even if no proof was found of specific crimes committed. Allegations of surreptitious international relationships, mainly with Argentina (Gelli repeatedly suggested he was a close friend of Juan Peron) and with some people suspected of belonging to the American Central Intelligence AgencyThis article is about the foreign intelligence service of the United States of America. For other uses of the term CIA see CIA (disambiguation . The Central Intelligence Agency CIA is the United States' foreign intelligence agency, responsible for obtaini were also partly confirmed; but soon a political debate overtook the legal level of the analysis.
Even if outlawed by Mussolini in 1925, Freemasonic institutions have always been tolerated in Italy, but a special law was issued that prohibited secret lodges; the Grande Oriente d'Italia ("Grand Orient of Italy"), after taking disciplinary action against members with P2 connections, distanced itself from Gelli's lodge and claimed to have only the obvious respect for honest Freemasons. Other laws introduced a prohibition on membership in such organizations for some categories of state officers (especially military officers). Such laws have been recently questioned by the European Court of Human RightsThe ECHR should not be mistaken for the European Court of Justice, an institution of the European Union for the resolution of disputes under EU law. The European Court of Human Rights was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints from.
It has been repeatedly alleged that P2 was involved in the assassination of Aldo MoroBR Aldo Moro ( September 23, 1916 May 9, 1978) was twice Prime Minister of Italy. He was one of Italy's longest-serving post war Prime Ministers, holding power for a combined total of more than six years. One of the most important leaders of Democrazia Cr, murdered by the Red BrigadesRed Brigades Brigate Rosse is a terrorist group located in Italy. Formed in 1969, the Marxist-Leninist BR seeks to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. History Reputed founder of the Red Brig, but no concrete proof was ever found.
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