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The term proteome was first used in 1995 and has been applied to several different types of biological systems. A cellular proteome is the collection of proteins found in a particular cell type under a particular set of environmental conditions such as exposure to hormone stimulation. It can also be useful to consider an organism's complete proteome. The complete proteome for an organism can be conceptualized as the complete set of proteins from all of the various cellular proteomes. This is very roughly the protein equivalent of the genome. The term "proteome" has also been used to refer to the collection of proteins in certain sub-cellular biological systems. For example, all of the proteins in a virus can be called a viral proteome. Proteomics, the study of the proteome, has largely been practiced through the separation of proteins by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. In the first dimension, the proteins are separated by isoelectric focusing, which resolves proteins on the basis of charge. In the second dimension, proteins are separated by molecular weight using SDS-PAGE. The gel is dyed with Coomassie Blue or silver to visualize the proteins. Spots on the gel are proteins that have migrated to specific locations.
The mass spectrometer has augmented proteomics. Mass mapping identifies a protein by cleaving it into short peptides and then deduces the protein's identity by matching the observed peptide masses against a sequence database. Tandem mass spectrometry, on the other hand, can get sequence information from individual peptides by isolating them, colliding them with a nonreactive gas, and then cataloging the fragment ions produced.
1 Technology for Proteome
- Mass spectrometryMass spectrometry is a technique for separating ions by their mass-to- charge (m/z) ratios. Mass spectrometry can be divided into two broad applications: identification of compounds by the mass or determination of the isotopic composition of one or more e | 2D gelA gel is an apparently solid, jellylike material formed from a colloidal solution. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids. An example is gelatin. In fiber-optic communications, a gel resembling petroleum jelly in viscosity is used | Protein sequencingProteins are found in every cell and are essential to every biological process, protein structure is very complex: determining a protein's structure involves first protein sequencing determining the amino acid sequences of its constituent peptides; and al.
2 Proteome Links
- Proteome.org
- Journal: Bionformatics Journal Oxford Univ. Press.
- Databases: PIR | Swissprot | Pfam
3 Related Ome and Omics pages
- Genome, TranscriptomeTranscriptome is the whole set of mRNA species in one or a population of biological cells. Meaning Transcriptome depicts the expression level of genes. It is not directly proportional to the expression level of all the proteins ( proteome), but it is an i, ExpressomeExpressome refers to the whole set of gene expression in a cell, tissue, organ, organisms, and species. Meaning Expressome is a slightly larger concept than transcriptome. Transcriptome is the set of transcripts, while expressome includes transcripts, pro, MetabolomeMetabolome is the whole set of metabolic entities and small pathway motifs in a cell, tissue, organ, organisms, and species. Meaning The metabolome includes proteins, RNA, DNA and various substrates. It also includes small circuits of pathway networks., RegulomeRegulome refers to the whole set of regulation components in a cell, tissue, organ, organisms, and species. They are usually used in the context of signal transduction. Regulation materials of cells vary much. Even water can be an important regulome entit, Functome, Phenome, Ecome, Textome
See also: Bioinformatics, Interactomics, Genomics, Proteomics
