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Home > Proton pump

In bacteria, mitochondria and other ATP-producing organelles, reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power this translocation of protons. For example, the translocation of protons by cytochrome c oxidase is powered by reducing equivalents provided by reduced cytochrome c. In the plasma membrane proton ATPase and in the ATPase proton pumps of other cellular membranes, ATP itself powers this transport.

The F₀F₁ ATP synthaseAn ATP synthase is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by utilizing some form of energy. The overall reaction sequence is: :ADP + P → ATP These enzymes of mitochondria and the CF₁ ATP synthetase of chloroplasts, in contrast, usually conduct protons from high to low concentration across the membrane while drawing energy from this flow to synthesize ATP.

See also:

• transmembrane ATPase
• active transportIn cell biology, active transport is the mediated transport of biochemicals, and other atomic/ molecular substances, across membranes. Unlike passive transport, this process requires chemical energy. In this form of transport, molecules move against eithe
• cytochromeCytochromes are generally membrane-bound proteins that contain heme groups and carry out electron transport. They are found in the mitochondrial inner membrane of eukaryotes, in the chloroplasts of plants, in photosynthetic microorganisms, and in bacteria
• mitochondrion
• chloroplastChloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae which conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are similar to mitochondria but are found only in plants. Both organelles are surrounded by a double membrane with an intermembrane space; bot
• electron transfer chain
• proton pump inhibitor
• ATP synthase

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Topics: Proton Pump Atp Protons Membrane Atpase Cytochrome...

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ProtonFor alternative meanings see proton (disambiguation). Proton Classification Subatomic particle Fermion Hadron Baryon Nucleon Proton Properties Mass: 938 MeV/ c2 Electric Charge: 1. 6 × 10−19 C Spin: 1/2 In physics, the proton is a subatomic particle Proton decayFor a long time, protons were thought to be stable—that the laws of physics would not allow for a proton (which is baryonic matter) to spontaneously decay into a positron and photons (non-baryonic matter) because of conservation of the baryon number. Proton pump inhibitorProton pump inhibitors are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. The group followed and has largely superseded another group of pharmaceuticals with similar effects, but different mode-of-a Proton-proton chain reactionThe proton-proton chain reaction is one of two fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the CNO cycle. The proton-proton chain is more important in stars the size of the Sun or less. To overcome the electromagnetic repul Proton pumpA proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons across the membrane of a cell, mitochondrion, or other subcellular compartment, thereby creating a difference or gradient in both pH and electrical charge (ignoring difference Proton (car)Proton short for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional (National Car Project), is a Malaysian car manufacturer initiated in 1983 by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. The main plant is located in Shah Alam. Based on technology and parts from Mitsubishi, production o Proton rocket Proton E-Purse Proton emission Protonation Proton magnetometer Proton (disambiguation) Proton Tiara Proton-exchange fuel cell Proton torpedo