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| Old Prussian | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | East Prussia |
| Region: | Baltic |
| Total speakers: | Extinct |
| Ranking: | -- |
| Genetic classification: | Indo-European Baltic |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | None |
| Regulated by: | None |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | bat |
| SIL | PRG |
Old Prussian is an extinct Baltic language spoken by the inhabitants of the area that later became East Prussia (now in north-eastern Poland, Lithuania and the Kaliningrad oblast of Russia) prior to Polish and German colonization of the area beginning in the 13th century. An experimental community involved in revivingLanguage revival is the revival, by governments, political authorities, or enthusiasts, to recover the spoken use of a language that is no longer spoken or learned at home. Language death is the process by which a language ceases to be used by the people a reconstructed form of the language now exists in the KlaipedaKlaipeda ( German Memel or Memelburg Polish: Klajpeda is Lithuania's only seaport on the Baltic Sea. It has 194,400 inhabitants ( 2002), down from 202,900 in 1989. Today Klaipeda is a major ferry port with connections to Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. region of Lithuania.
Old Prussian is closely related to the other extinct western Baltic languages, GalindanGalindan is a poorly attested extinct language, generally considered to be part of the Baltic language family. There are no extant writings in Galindan. Baltic languages Extinct languages. (formerly spoken in the territory to the south) and SudovianSudovian (otherwise known as Jatvingian or Yotvingian is an extinct western Baltic language of north-eastern Europe. Closely related to the Old Prussian language, it was formerly spoken in Galindia and Sudovia in Prussia. Sudovia and Galindia were two of (to the east). It is more distantly related to the surviving eastern Baltic languages, LithuanianLithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native Lithuanians. The Lithuanian name for the language is Lietuviu kalba''. In older literature on Baltic languages, "Lithuanian" can sometimes refer to Baltic Languages in gene and particularly LatvianLatvian also called Lettish is a language spoken by 1. 5 million people primarily by the Latvian population in Latvia, where it is the official language, and secondarily by the non-Latvian population in the same country. Latvian is an inflective language.
The Aesti , mentioned by Tacitus in his Germania, may have been a people who spoke Old Prussian. Tacitus describes them as being just like the other Suebi (who were a group of Germanic peoples) but with a more Britannic ( Celtic) language.
A 16th century Warmia Prince-Bishop, Marcin Kromer, said the language of the Prussians was totally different from Slavic.
During the Reformation and thereafter, other groups of people from Poland, Lithuania, France, and Austria found refuge in Prussia. These new immigrants caused a slow decline in the use of Old Prussian as Prussians began to adopt the languages of the newcomers. Old Prussian probably ceased to be spoken around the end of the 17th century with the great plague.
It is called "Old Prussian" to avoid confusion with the adjective "Prussian", which relates also to the later German state. The "Old Prussian" name for the nation, not being latinized, was Prusa. This too may be used to delineate the language from the later state. Old Prussian began to be written down in about the 14th century. A small amount of literature in the Old Prussian language survives.
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