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Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( 309- 246 BC), was of a delicate constitution, no Macedonian warrior-chief of the old style. E.J.Bickermann (Chronology of the Ancient World, 2nd ed. 1980) gives the date of his death as January 29.
His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281 BCE, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 (see Brennus).
Ptolemy II maintained a splendid court in Alexandria. Not that Egypt held aloof from wars. Magas of Cyrene opened war on his half-brother ( 274 BCE), and Antiochus I Soter, the son of Seleucus, desiring Palestine, attacked soon after. Two or three years of war left Egypt the dominant naval power of the eastern Mediterranean; the Ptolemaic sphere of power extended over the Cyclades to SamothraceSamothrace (in Greek: Σαμοθρακη, Samothraki) is an island in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing deme in the district of Evros in the province of East Macedonia and Thrace. It is only, and the harbours and coast towns of CiliciaIn ancient geography, Cilicia ("Ki-LIK-ya") formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus (Giaour Dagh), which separated it from Syr Trachea ("Rough Cilicia"), PamphyliaPamphylia in ancient geography, was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus. It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line, LyciaLycia is also the name of a musical group; see Lycia (band). Lycia is a region on the southern coast of Turkey. It was the site of an ancient country and province of the Roman Empire. People The indigenous inhabitants of Lycia spoke an Indo-European (or I and CariaCaria (Greek kares/karikoi ) was a region of Asia Minor, situated south of Ionia, and west of Phrygia Major and Lycia. Their name appears in a number of contemporary languages: Babylonian karsa Elamite and Old Persian kurka''. The Classical Greeks claimed were largely in Ptolemy's hands.
The victory won by Antigonus, king of Macedonia, over his fleet at CosCos is: In geography, Kos or Cos ( Gr. Kos), a Greek island in the Dodecanese group of islands, in the Aegean Sea. In government, Cos a commune in the Ariege departement in France. In mathematics, an abbreviation for cosine. In computing, it has several m (between 258 and 256) did not long interrupt his command of the AegeanGreece as seen from the island of Santorini The Aegean Sea ( Greek: Alpha;ιγαον Πλαγο&sigmaf Aigaion Pelagos Turkish: Ege denizi is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek penins. In a second war with the Seleucid kingdom, under Antiochus II Theos (after 260), Ptolemy sustained losses on the seaboard of Asia Minor and agreed to a peace by which Antiochus married his daughter Berenice (ca. 250).
Ptolemy's first wife, Arsinoë I , daughter of Lysimachus, was the mother of his legitimate children. After her repudiation he married, probably for political reasons, his full-sister Arsinoë II, the widow of Lysimachus, by an Egyptian custom abhorrent to Greek morality.
The material and literary splendour of the Alexandrian court was at its height under Ptolemy II. Pomps and gay religions flourished. Ptolemy deified his parents and his sister-wife, after her death (270), as Philadelphus. This surname was used in later generations to distinguish Ptolemy II. himself, but properly if belongs to Arsinoë only, not to the king.
Callimachus, made keeper of the library, Theocritus, and a host of lesser poets, glorified the Ptolemaic family. Ptolemy himself was eager to increase the library and to patronize scientific research. He had the strange beasts of far off lands sent to Alexandria. But, an enthusiast for Hellenic culture, he seems to have shown but little interest in the native religion.The tradition preserved in the pseudepigraphical Letter of Aristeas which connects the Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek with his patronage is probably not historical. Ptolemy had many brilliant mistresses, and his court, magnificent and dissolute, intellectual and artificial, has been justly compared with the Versailles of Louis XIV.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 1911 Britannica
| Preceded by: Ptolemy I | Ptolemaic King of Egypt | Succeeded by: Ptolemy III |
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