A pump is a mechanical device used to move liquids or gases. Also the heart is an essential pump in humans and animals to move the blood around.
The earliest pump was described by Archimedes around 300 BC and is known as the Archimedes screw pump.
Pumps work by using mechanical forces to push the material, either by physically lifting, or by the force of compression.
1 Types of pump
Pumps fall into two categories: positive displacement pumps, which force fluid from one sealed chamber to another with little leakage, and dynamic pumps, which use the momentum of the fluid to move it across an unsealed chamber.
1.1 Positive displacement pump
This type of pump forces the fluid from one chamber to another by reducing the volume of the first chamber while increasing the volume of the second.
Such a pump produces a constant flow regardless of intake pressure or outlet pressure, unless the intake pressure drops below a certain limit, causing cavitation, or the outlet pressure exceeds the capacity of the pump, causing pump failure.
These pumps often have a relief valve to prevent the latter problem.
1.1.1 Reciprocating positive displacement pump
1.1.2 Rotary positive displacement pump
- Screw (or progressing cavity) pump
- Gear pump s (internal and external)
- Lobe pump s
- Peristaltic pump (uses a process similar to peristalsisPeristalsis is the process of involuntary wave-like successive muscular contractions by which food is moved through the digestive tract. The large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of orga in animals)
- Circumferential piston pump
- progressive cavity pumpA progressive cavity pump is a kind of pump which moves fluid by means of a cavity which progresses along the body of the pump. As the cavity moves, fluid is sucked in to fill the cavity, further rotation of the pump causes the fluid to flow and be delive : pumps fluid by the rotation of a helical steel rotorA rotor is a rotating part of a machine, as in a motor, a pump or a helicopter. The part of the machine that does not rotate is called the stator. A rotor may also be used to refer to an electric motor designed specifically to turn a receiving antenna to inside a rubberThis article is about the material rubber, for other uses see Rubber (disambiguation Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. The ma pump body with a helical aperture
1.2 Dynamic pump
The dynamic pump causes the fluid to move from inlet to outlet under its own momentum. This type tends not to need a release valve, because as the outlet pressure rises the pump simply becomes less efficient.
Fluid motion can be rotary, as in centrifugal pumps, or linear, as in reciprocating dynamic pumps.
1.2.1 Rotary dynamic (centrifugal) pump
This type of pump contains a rotating part called the impeller inside a stationary cavity called the volute. The impeller forces the fluid to rotate, and thereby to move from inlet to outlet under its own momentumIn physics, momentum is a physical quantity related to the velocity and mass of an object. Momentum is the Noether charge of translational invariance. As such, even fields as well as other things can have momentum, not just particles. However, in curved s.
Examples:
- turbopumpTurbopump development 1947-1949 A turbopump can refer to either of two types of pump. One type of turbopump is a type of pump in which the fluid is moved by the blades of a high-speed turbine. Turbopumps are used with rocket engines to provide pressure fo: the fluid is moved by the blades of a high-speed turbineA turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow. The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor-blade assembly. Moving fluid acts on the blades to spin them and impart energy to the rotor. Early turbine examples are windmills and.
- submersible pump : the fluid is moved by a pump joined to a sealed motor and submerged in the fluid to be pumped.
- split case centrifugal pump : the fluid is pumped by a horizontal or vertical pump with a split volute to allow maintenance access.
- axial flow pump : the fluid is pumped by a propellor type impeller inside a section of pipe.
