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The Qashqai (also spelled Qashqa'i, Qashqay, and Kashkai) are an ethnic group of Iran. They live mainly in the Fars region, particularly around the city of Shiraz. The Qashqai were originally nomadic pastoralists, and some Qashqai remain so today. The majority, however, have settled, or are partially settled. The trend towards settlement has been increasing markedly since the 1960s. Historically, the Qashqai came from Central Asia, and were probably among the Turkic groups that arrived in Iran in the 11th or 12th centuries. Some of these groups began to identify themselves as Qashqai in the 18th century or possibly earlier. A number of non-Qashqai groups have also been integrated into the Qashqai over the years. At times, the Qashqai have been a significant political force in Iran.
Most Qashqai speak the Qashqai language, although many are able to speak Persian as well. Most are Shia Muslims. The Qashqai are particularly known for their woven rugs, which have been greatly valued at certain times.
