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The word Kazakh was included in a Turkish- Arabian dictionary of the 13th century AD. The meaning of this word was/is "independent" or "free".
The Kazakh language is close to other Turkic languagesThe Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China. The Turkic languages are considered by some linguists to be part of the A. Native speakers of Kazakh, UzbekUzbek (O'zbek tili in Latin script, in Cyrillic script) is a Turkic language spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia. Its closest relative, in vocabulary and grammar, is Uighur. Tajik and Russian have had significant influences on, KyrgyzKyrgyz also Kirghiz — is a Northwestern Turkic language, and with Russian makes up the official languages of Kyrgyzstan. Its ISO 639 codes are kir and ky''. It is so close to Kazakh that they can be mistaken for each other. Also spoken in China, Afghanist, TatarTatar language Tatar tele Tatarca is a very ancient Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. It is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan, and is also spoken in European part of Russia, Siberia as, Uighur can easily communicate without the need for a translator; Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen can easily be picked up - due to the close similarity - for example: "al" means "take" in Kazakh, but it means the same thing in almost any Turkic language. The same goes for "at" - "horse", "otir(otur)" - "sit" etc.
Traditionally, Kazakhs were tracking their tribal roots. Every Kazakh was supposed to know his/her tribe and all grandparents of at least 7 generations. Kazakhs were not allowed to marry if they had a common predecessor within 7 generations. When a man and a woman marry, their children usually become members of the husband's tribe. Inter-tribe marriages were encouraged.
In modern Kazakhstan, tribalism is officially prohibited, practically almost negligible, and definitely fading away in business and government life. However, it still exists and sometimes plays a subtle role here and there. It is a very important component of Kazakh culture. It's very common for Kazakhs to ask which tribe they belong to when they meet each other. There is no hostility between tribes, and Kazakhs, regardless of their tribal origin, consider themselves one nation.
Tribalism played a much greater role during Soviet times, especially when the head of Kazakhstan's Communist Party was D.A. Kunaev. Unfortunately, tribal origin was a hidden factor in work and social life.
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