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| Qin Shi Huang | |
|---|---|
| Date of birth: | Nov./Dec. 260 BC |
| Date of death: | Sept. 10, 210 BC |
| Ancestral name (姓): | Ying (嬴) |
| Clan name (氏): | Zhao¹ (趙), or Qin² (秦) |
| Given name (名): | Zheng (政) |
| King of the State of Qin | |
| Dates of reign: | July 247 BC– 221 BC |
| Official title: | King of Qin (秦王) |
| Emperor of Qin Dynasty China | |
| Dates of reign: | 221 BC–Sept. 10, 210 BC |
| Official name: | First Emperor (始皇帝) |
| Temple name: | None³. |
| Posthumous name: | None4 |
| General note: Dates given here are in the proleptic Julian calendar. They are not in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. | |
| ——— | |
| 1. This clan name appears in the Records of the Grand Historian written by Sima QianSima Qian ( circa 145— 90 BC) was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty and an astrologer. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography mainly because of his highly praised work, Shiji , which is the first overview of the history of. Apparently, the First Emperor being born in the State of Zhao where his father was an hostage, he later adopted Zhao as his clan name (in ancient China clan names often changed from generation to generation), but this is not totally sure. | |
| 2. Based on ancient China naming patterns, we can infer that Qin was the clan name of the royal house of the State of Qin, derived from the name of the state. Other branches of the Ying ancestral family, enfeoffed in other states, had other clan names. Qin was thus possibly also the clan name of the First Emperor. | |
| 3. The royal house of Qin did not carry the practice of temple names, which were not used anymore since the establishment of the Zhou DynastyAlternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE 705 CE The Zhou Dynasty (; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. In the Chinese historical tradition,, so the First Emperor does not have a temple name per se. However, his official name "First Emperor" can somehow be assimilated to a temple name, being the name under which the emperor would have been honored in the temple of the ancestors of the dynasty. | |
| 4. Posthumous names were abolished in 221 BC by the First Emperor who deemed them inappropriate and contrary to filial piety. | |
Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) (November or December 260 BC - September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First Emperor.
Having unified China, he and his prime minister Li Si passed a series of major reforms aimed at cementing the unification, and they undertook some Herculean construction projects, most notably the precursor version of the current Great Wall of China. For all the tyranny of his autocratic rule, Qin Shi Huang is still regarded today as some sort of a colossal founding father in Chinese history, an Ubermensch whose unification of China has endured for more than two millenniums (with interruptions).
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