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| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
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| First Prev [ 1 2 ] Next Last |
| Given name1 | Posthumous name2 (short form) |
Temple name2 | Reign name Chinese, Manchu |
Reign years | Name by which most commonly known |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurhaci 努爾哈赤 Nu-er-ha-chi |
Gaodi 高帝 |
Taizu 太祖 |
Tianming 天命 Abkai fulingga |
1616- 16263 | Nurhaci |
| Hong Taiji4 皇太極 |
Wendi 文帝 |
Taizong 太宗 |
Tiancong 天聰 Abkai sure 1627- 1636; Chongde 崇德 Wesihun erdemungge 1636- 1643 |
1626- 1643 | Hong TaijiHong Taiji Chinese ; also known as or ; sometimes referred to as Abahai), ( 1592- 1643), was Manchu emperor first of the Later Jin dynasty and then, after he changed its name, of the Qing dynasty, reigning from 1626 to 1643. He was responsible for consoli |
| Fu-lin 福臨 |
Zhangdi 章帝 |
Shizu 世祖 |
Shunzhi 順治 Ijishun dasan |
1643- 1661Events January 6 The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them February 5 The Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China dies and is succeeded by his son the Kangxi Emperor. February 14 Ge5 | Shunzhi EmperorThe Shunzhi Emperor ( March 15, 1638 February 5, 1661) was the second emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper. Life He ascended to the throne aged five (six sui according to traditional Chinese count) in 16 |
| Xuan-ye 玄燁 |
Rendi 仁帝 |
Shengzu 聖祖 |
Kangxi 康熙 Elhe taifin |
1661- 1722 | Kangxi Emperor |
| Yin-zhen 胤禛 |
Xiandi 憲帝 |
Shizong 世宗 |
Yongzheng 雍正 Huwaliyasun tob |
1722- 1735 | Yongzheng Emperor |
| Hong-li 弘曆 |
Chundi 純帝 |
Gaozong 高宗 |
Qianlong 乾隆 Abkai wehiyehe |
1735- 1796 (died 1799)6 |
Qianlong Emperor |
| Yong-yan 顒琰 |
Ruidi 睿帝 |
Renzong 仁宗 |
Jiaqing 嘉慶 Saicungga fengšen |
1796- 1820 | Jiaqing Emperor |
| Min-ning 旻寧 |
Chengdi 成帝 |
Xuanzong 宣宗 |
Daoguang 道光 Doro eldengge |
1820- 1850 | Daoguang Emperor |
| Yi-zhu 奕詝 |
Xiandi 顯帝 |
Wenzong 文宗 |
Xianfeng 咸豐 Gubci elgiyengge |
1850- 1861 | Xianfeng Emperor |
| Zai-chun 載淳 |
Yidi 毅帝 |
Muzong 穆宗 |
Tongzhi 同治 Yooningga dasan |
1861- 18757 | Tongzhi Emperor |
| Zai-tian 載湉 |
Jingdi 景帝 |
Dezong 德宗 |
Guangxu 光緒 Badarangga doro |
1875- 19087 | Guangxu Emperor |
| Pu-yi 溥儀 also known as Henry |
Xundi 8 遜帝 |
None given 9 | Xuantong 宣統 Gehungge yoso |
1908- 192410 (died 1967) |
Puyi |
| 1 The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 aixin jueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name. | |||||
| 2 As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Qing, to avoid confusion. For example, the Qianlong emperor is frequently referred to as Qing Gaozong. | |||||
| 3 Nurhaci founded the Jin (金) or Later Jin (後金) dynasty in 1616, but it was his son Hong Taiji who changed the name of the dynasty to Qing in 1636. Nurhaci adopted the reign name Tianming but his Qing titles were all conferred posthumously. | |||||
| 4 Hong Taiji is referred to erroneously in some historical literature as Abahai (阿巴海). | |||||
| 5 The Shunzhi emperor was the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper following the occupation of Beijing in 1644. | |||||
| 6 The Qianlong emperor officially retired in 1796, taking the title Emperor Emeritus (太上皇帝). This was an act of filial piety to ensure that he would not reign longer than his illustrious grandfather, the Kangxi emperor. However, he remained the ultimate authority until his death in 1799, at which point his son, the Jiaqing emperor, began to exercise the power that had been his in name only from 1796. | |||||
| 7 The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine of the Xianfeng emperor, mother of the Tongzhi emperor, and adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor, used her considerable skills of political manipulation to act as the power behind the throne or on the throne from 1861 until her death in 1908. She acted as a regent during the minorities of the two young emperors and confined the Guangxu emperor in the Summer Palace after he attempted to introduce reforms in 1898. The death of the Guangxu emperor was announced the day before her own. | |||||
| 8 Xundi ("The Abdicated Emperor") is the posthumous name given by mainland China and Taiwan's history books to Pu-yi. | |||||
| 9 In 2004 the descendants of the Qing imperial family have conferred a posthumous name and temple name upon the late Pu-yi. Posthumous name: Mindi (愍帝). Temple name: Gongzong (恭宗). It remains to be seen whether these names will be accepted by the Chinese public. | |||||
| 10 The Qing dynasty was overthrown in 1911, and the last emperor, Pu-yi, abdicated officially on February 12, 1912. However, that same day the Republic of China granted the "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Emperor of the Great Qing after his Abdication" (清帝退位優待條件) which allowed Pu-yi to retain his imperial title and stated that he should be treated by the government of the Republic with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch. These articles were revised on November 5, 1924, after the coup by General Feng Yuxiang: the revised articles stated that Pu-yi was losing his imperial title and henceforth becoming a regular citizen of the Republic of China. Pu-yi was expelled from the Forbidden City that same day. Thus, Pu-yi was ruling emperor until February 12, 1912 (and also briefly between July 1 and July 12, 1917), and non-ruling emperor between February 12, 1912 and November 5, 1924. Pu-yi also later became the puppet leader of Japanese-controlled Manchukuo under the reign name Datong (大同) ( 1932- 1934), then the puppet emperor of the same under the reign name Kangde (康德) ( 1934- 1945). | |||||
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