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Though terms like 'quality engineering' and 'quality assurance' are relatively new, the ideas have existed just as long as the very art of tool manufacture. Simple tools made of rock or bone were subject to familiar modes of failure. They could be fragile, dull where they should be sharp, sharp where they should be dull, etc. When the first specialized craftsmen arose, manufacturing tools for others, the principle of quality control was simple: "let the buyer beware" ( caveat emptor).
The first civil engineering projects, however, needed to be built to specifications. For instance, the four sides Great Pyramid of Giza are perpendicular to within 3.5 arcseconds.
During the Middle Ages, guildA guild is an association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards of morality or conduct. Historically they were small business associations, since each crafter was a self-employed individual arts took the responsibility of quality control upon themselves. All practitioners of a particular trade living in a certain area were required to join the corresponding guild, and the guild instituted punishments for members who turned out shoddy products.
Royal governments purchasing materielMateriel (from the French for material) is the equipment and supplies in Military and commercial supply chain management. In a military context, materiel relates to the specific needs of an army to complete a specific mission. The term is also often used were interested in quality control as customers. For instance, King John of EnglandJohn ( French: Jean ( December 24, 1166/ 67 October 18/ 19, 1216) reigned as King of England from 1199 to 1216. He succeeded to the throne as the younger brother of King Richard I (known as "Richard the Lionheart"). John acquired the nicknames of "Lacklan appointed a certain William Wrotham to supervise the construction and repair of ships. Some centuries later, but also in England, Samuel PepysSamuel Pepys ( February 23, 1633 May 26, 1703) was a 17th century English civil servant, famous for his diary. His surname was then pronounced "Peeps", although some modern relatives with the name pronounce theirs "Pep-iss". The diary is a fascinating com, Secretary to the AdmiraltyFor the international law of the sea, see Admiralty law. For the area of Hong Kong, see Admiralty, Hong Kong Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander P, appointed multiple such overseers.
Prior to the extensive division of labor and mechanizationMechanization refers to the use of powered machinery to help a human operator in some task. The use of hand powered tools is not an example of mechanization. The term is most often used in industry. The addition of powered machine tools, such as the steam resulting from the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. It commenced with the introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered, automated mach, it was possible for a workman to control the quality of his own product. Working conditions then were more conducive to professional pride.
This led to a system in which large groups of men performing a similar type of work were grouped together under the supervision of a foreman who also took on the responsibility to control the quality of work manufactured.
It has taken approximately 80-90 years (in about 20 year intervals) for present day Quality Assurance to be established from inception to attainment of the present day.
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