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| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discoverer | Chadwick A. Trujillo, Michael E. Brown |
| Discovery Date | June 4, 2002 |
| Alternate Designations | 2002 LM60 |
| Category | Kuiper belt |
| Orbital Elements Epoch October 22, 2004 ( JD 2453300.5) | |
| Eccentricity (e) | 0.034 |
| Semi-Major Axis (a) | 6493.296 G m (43.405 AU) |
| Perihelion (q) | 6270.316 Gm (41.914 AU) |
| Aphelion (Q) | 6716.275 Gm (44.896 AU) |
| Orbital Period (P) | 104449.918 d (285.97 a) |
| Mean Orbital Speed | 4.52 km/ sThis article is about the unit of time. See second (disambiguation) for other uses The second (symbol s is a unit for time, and one of seven SI base units. It is defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transi |
| Inclination (i) | 7.983 ° |
| Longitude of the Ascending Node (Ω) | 188.791° |
| Argument of Perihelion (ω) | 154.850° |
| Mean Anomaly (M) | 273.737° |
| Physical Characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 989 - 1346 km |
| Mass | 1.0-2.6×1021 kgThe kilogram (symbol: kg is the SI base unit of mass. A gram is defined as one thousandth of a kilogram. Conversion of units describes equivalent units of mass in other systems. Multiples SI prefixes are used to name multiples and subdivisions of the kilo |
| Density | 2.0? g/ cm³A cubic centimetre cm is an SI derived unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with side length of 1 centi metre. It was the basic unit of volume of the CGS system of units. In SI units: 1 cm³ 10−6 cubic metres 1 milli litre (mL) The abbreviat |
| Surface Gravity | 0.276-0.376 m/s² |
| Escape Velocity | 0.523-0.712 km/s |
| Rotation Period | ? d |
| Spectral Class | ? |
| Absolute Magnitude | 2.6 |
| Albedo | 0.10 |
| Mean Surface Temperature | ~58 KThe kelvin (symbol: K is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. It is defined by two facts: zero kelvin is absolute zero (when molecular motion stops), and one kelvin is the fraction 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature o |
50000 Quaoar ( /"kwA o Ar/The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It was originally developed in the late 1980s for six European langua)[1] is a Trans-Neptunian objectA Trans-Neptunian object (TNO) is any object in the solar system with all or most of its orbit beyond that of Neptune. The Kuiper belt and Oort cloud are names for some subdivisions of that volume of space. Pluto is a trans-Neptunian object, and if it had orbiting the Sun in the Edgeworth- Kuiper belt. It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by astronomers Chadwick A. Trujillo and Michael E. Brown at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California from images acquired by Palomar Observatory using the JPL Near Earth Asteroid Tracking program. This discovery was announced on October 7, 2002, at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. The earliest precovery turned out to be a July 17, 1982 plate from the Siding Spring Observatory 1.2 m telescope.
Quaoar is estimated to have a diameter of about 1,200 kilometres, which at the time of discovery made it the largest object found in the solar system since Pluto and, indeed, the largest known minor planet (although the newly discovered 90377 Sedna and 90482 Orcus may turn out to be bigger). More massive than all of the asteroids put together, it is about one tenth the diameter of Earth or one third the diameter of the Moon. It orbits at about 6 billion kilometres from the Sun with an orbital period of 286 years.
The planetoid's name follows International Astronomical Union rules by naming all planetoids after creation deities (see planetary nomenclature). " Quaoar" is the name of a creation deity of the Native American Tongva people, native to the area around Los Angeles, where the discovery was named. The IAU approved the name Quaoar, making it the official name; it also has the systematic name 2002 LM60.
The discovery weakens Pluto's case to be classed as a planet, since astronomers expect that there may be as many as a dozen Kuiper Belt objects the size of Quaoar. Or it may require a change to the definition of planet to include Pluto, Quaoar, and Sedna. A more recent discovery, 90377 Sedna, is even larger than Quaoar. Some expect to find planetoids larger than Pluto. In some ways, Quaoar has more claim to be a planet than Pluto does: it has a more typical planetary orbit (a near-circular orbit with a radius of somewhat over 40 AU rather than a highly eccentric one like Pluto's). Like Neptune, Quaoar's orbit lies between Pluto's perihelion and aphelion, so that Pluto is closer to the Sun than Quaoar at some times of its year, and farther at others.
Quaoar is believed to be a mixture of rock and ice, like other Kuiper Belt Objects; however its extremely low albedo (estimated at 0.1) indicates that the ice has disappeared from its outer layers. After the New Horizons mission visits Pluto (in 2015) and goes on to visit several Kuiper Belt Objects our knowledge of such things should greatly improve.
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