 |
Business | Industries | Finance | Tax |
| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|
|||||
| First Prev [ 1 2 ] Next Last |
The written script alphabet of the Elven languages is typically Tengwar, although Cirth can also be used.
The Ñoldor that fled to Middle-earth following the Darkening of Valinor spoke Quenya among themselves. However when Thingol of Doriath, who was the king of the Sindar (Elves of the Telerin line who remained in Beleriand instead of journeying to Valinor) learnt about their slaying of the Teleri, he forbade the use of Quenya in all his realm, and the Ñoldor were forced to use Sindarin when communicating with his people, and thus the language fell out of daily use.
The Quenya used in Middle-earth of the Third Age (the time of the setting of The Lord of the RingsThe Lord of the Rings is an epic fantasy story by J. Tolkien, a sequel to his earlier work, The Hobbit''. For more information on the fictional universe the story takes place in, including lists of characters and locations, see Middle-earth. The story's n) had come to be a scholarly pursuit — something akin to LatinAlternative meanings: See Latin (disambiguation Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire. All Romance languages are descended from Latin, and ma in our time. (Indeed, Tolkien referred to Quenya as "Elf-Latin".) Quenya was used as a formal language and for writing; Sindarin was the vernacular of all Elves. However, the Ñoldor still remembered Quenya and valued it highly, which we can see in the way they treat Frodo's greeting elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo. ("A star shines on the hour of our meeting.") GaladrielIn the fiction of J. Tolkien, Galadriel the Lady of the Woods was an Elf-queen of Middle-earth, ruler of the land of Lothlorien along with her husband Celeborn. She was originally named Artanis ("noble woman") and Nerwen ("man-maiden", referring of her he is perhaps the only major Elf character in Middle-earth during the events of The Lord of the Rings that learned Quenya as a cradle-tongue: she was born in Valinor, during the days of the Two Trees. Ñoldorin (Exilic) Quenya differed somewhat from Valinórean Quenya, because the language continued to evolve after exile, and it underwent some regularisation as it became a language of lore. There were also a few changes in pronunciation.
The most striking feature of Quenya is that it is a highly agglutinating languageAn agglutinative language is a language in which the words are formed by joining morphemes together. This term was introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1836 to classify languages from a morphological point of view. It was derived from the Latin verb aggl, meaning that multiple affixesAn affix is a morpheme that is attached to a base morpheme to form a word form. An affix can be a prefix (something attached at the front), a suffix (attached at the back), an infix (in between) or a circumfix (two parts, one in front, the other at the ba are often added to words to express grammatical function. It is possible for one Quenya word to have the same meaning as an entire English sentence, for example, one could say "They have seen it." in Quenya in a single word (namely Ecénientes).
Outside the fiction, its grammar is influenced by FinnishFinnish is spoken by the majority in Finland and by Ethnic Finns outside of Finland. It is one of two official languages of Finland. Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is an agglutinative language which modifies the forms of both n, which is an agglutinative language; grammatical inspiration also comes from Latin and Greek. The phonologyPhonology is a subfield of grammar (see also linguistics). Whereas phonetics is about the nature of sounds (or phones) per se, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language. For example, /p/ and /b/ in English are distinctive units o is also based on Finnish, and to a lesser extent Latin, Italian and Spanish. Some interesting phonological rules are that no consonant cluster can begin or end a syllable (with one exception, the dual dative ending -nt), voiced stops must be preceded by sonorants, and a word may not end in a non- coronal consonant.
Tolkien wrote much more material about Quenya and his other languages than he published in his lifetime. The journals Vinyar Tengwar and Parma Eldalamberon are devoted to editing and publishing Tolkien's linguistic papers.
Quenya is one of many constructed languages introduced over the years by science fiction and fantasy writers, some others being Klingon, Newspeak, Nadsat and Lapine.
In early Tolkien's writings (see: The History of Middle-earth), this language was called Qenya, and it underwent countless revisions in both grammar and vocabulary before it reached the form found in The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. The term Qenya is now used to distinguish between old Qenya and the new Quenya.
See also: Languages of Middle-earth, Sindarin, Tengwar
| Politics | Business | Finance |
 |
 |
 |
|