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Quinine, C20H24N2O2,is a natural alkaloid having antipyretic, antimalarial and analgesic properties. It was formerly used in the prevention of malaria until supplanted by its derivatives quinacrine , chloroquine , and primaquine . Quinine may still be used to treat resistant malaria, and to treat nocturnal leg cramps. It was also used in an attempt to treat people who had been infected by prions, but with only limited success.
The large scale use of Quinine as an prophylactic started around 1850, although it had been in use since the 17th century.
It was originally derived from the bark of the Cinchona, an Amazonian tree. Quinine was isolated in 1820 by Pelletier and Caventou , and synthetical manufacturing was achieved in 1944.
Use of quinine in theraputic or excessive doses may cause cinchonism and even death (in excessive doses or rare cases). In very large doses quinine also acts as an abortifacient, or may cause birth defects, especially deafness.
Quinine is a flavour component of tonic waterA fizzy soft drink flavoured with quinine, tonic water or Indian tonic water gains its name from the medicinal effects of this slightly bitter flavouring. The quinine was added to the drink as a prophylactic against malaria, since it was originally intend. According to tradition, the bitter taste of antimalarial quinine tonic led British colonials in IndiaThe Republic of India is a large multicultural country in South Asia, with a population of over one billion. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, and is the world's second-fastest growing economy. to mix it with ginThis article concerns the beverage. For other uses see Gin (disambiguation Gin is a spirit, or strong alcoholic beverage. It is made from the distillation of white grain spirit and juniper berries (or sloe berries, in the case of sloe gin , which provide, thus creating the Gin and Tonic cocktail.
However, even if this was the case, today's refreshing gin & tonic is a rather different drink from theirs: the quantity of quinine in a glass of modern-day tonic water is a fraction of that formerly used in treating malaria. In the USThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in, for example, the FDAThe United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. One aspect of its jurisdiction over food is limits tonic water quinine to 83 ppmParts per million ppm is a measure of concentration that is used where low levels of concentration are significant. The ppm value is equivalent to the absolute fractional amount multiplied by one million (106). Illustrations of one part per million The me which is one half to one quarter the concentration used in therapeutic tonic.
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Aromatic hydrocarbons
Ethers
Heterocyclic bases
Quinine
