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The RX-78 mobile suit series is a series of fictional testbed mobile suits in the Gundam Universal Century developed by the Earth Federation. The titular mobile suit of the series, the RX-78-2 Gundam, is a member of this series.
There are two major subsets of mobile suits within this series:
The deployment of mobile suits in the One Year War by the Principality of Zeon had given the small nation a major tactical edge over the much larger Earth Federation. Capable of propellent-less manuvering thanks to their AMBAC systems, and able to be retrofitted to suit a variety of missions and environments, they easily outclassed the Federation's arsenal of fighters and ground vehicles. Realizing that the gap needed to be closed, the Federation instituted the Vinson Plan(Project V in original Japanese), a development program that would produce a Federation mobile suit design that would be able to be mass produced. While the ultimate result of the program was the RGM-79 GM , the engineers in the project tested several design concepts for the mass-production units in the RX-78 series. Some of the developments in the RX-78 models were later incorporated into the GM line, but many were scrapped due to cost and/or complexity.
The RX-78 series introduced Minovsky particle weaponry to mobile suits, developing and deploying the first successful beam rifle and beam saber. These would form the primary component of mobile suit weaponry for at least the next century and a half. The core block system, which allowed the RX-78's pilot to escape the destruction of his mobile suit in a functional aerospace fighter, would be dropped for expense from subsequent units but reused on occasion (most notably in the Anaheim Electronics MSZ-010 ZZ Gundam during the First Neo-Zeon War) and resurrected by the League Militaire in the UC 0150s on the LM312V04 Victory Gundam.
After the cessation of the One Year War, the Federation opened up a black-ops mobile suit development program, the Gundam Development Project, in order to develop mobile suits to fill roles that had appeared in analysis of combat operations from the One Year War. The major reason that the project was designated black-op was because of the RX-78GP02A Gundam Physalis, which was armed with an atomic bazooka in violation of the Antarctic Treaty . After the events of Gundam 0083, the records of the Gundam Development Project were stricken from the official record.
The RX-78 line was finally superseded in UC 0087 by the RX-178 Gundam Mk. II developed by the Titans.
The RX-78-1 Prototype Gundam is the third Mobile Suit Series produced under the Project V, first rolled out at the Federation's Jaburo military headquarters on Earth. Unlike the other two, which emphasis on firepower, the Prototype Gundam was designed as melee mobile suit mobile suit, with a very high mobility. It was also the first to feature several new technologies, including the energy cap-based beam rifle (making the Gundam the first mobile suit to pack the firepower of a battleship) and beam saber. Once the initial design was approved, two more identical RX-78 series, RX-78-2 and RX-78-3 "G3" were produced, and sent to testing at the Side 7 research colony. It was destroyed along with G3 in order to protect the data of the mobile suit
Refer to RX-78-2 data.
The most famous of all the RX-78 models, the RX-78-2 Gundam was built as the second stage (test type) for the RX-78 series. Like the two other RX-78, the RX-78-1 and RX-78-3, it carried the Core Block modular mobile suit design, comprised of three modules:
The idea was that the Core Lander could be launched into the field as a support fighter, and the A and B blocks could be delivered by another vehicle (the Federation developed a support unit, the Gunperry, for this role) if needed for a mid-air conversion into a mobile suit. The 3 RX-78 were slated in September UC 0079 to be transported from the development facility at Side 7 for evaluation when Zeon special forces under the command of Char Aznable attacked the colony where the RX-78-2 was developed. The resulting destruction left both the RX-78-2 and the mobile suit carrier White Base in the hands of young, inexperienced operators, most notably the young Amuro Ray, who became the RX-78-2's main pilot due to his skill at handling the machine. The RX-78-2 then saw combat in a variety of environments, including deep space, urban settings, the desert, and even the ocean, performing admirably in each.
Late in the war, the Federation installed a magnetic coating on the joints of the RX-78-2, improving the response time of the mobile suit (which was starting to lag behind the reaction time of Amuro, whose budding Newtype powers were growing exponentially). In the final battle of the One Year War, the Battle of A Baoa Qu, the RX-78-2 was severely damaged, then destroyed by Char in his MSN-02 Zeong . Nevertheless, the RX-78-2 performed admirably throughout its service in the One Year War.
Manufacturer: Earth Federation
User: Earth Federation
Unit type: prototype modular all purpose combat MS
Head height: 18.0 m
Base weight: 43.4 t
Construction: lunar titanium alloy on semi-monocoque frame
Powerplant: Minovsky type ultracompact fusion reactor, output rated at 1380 kW
Propulsion: rocket thrusters: 2 x 24000 kg, 4 x 1870 kg
Equipment: sensors, range 5700 meters; "learning computer" system; re-entry coolant system; magnetic coated joints (subsequent field upgrade)
Special Equipment: none
Armament: 60mm anti-air vulcan gun x 2, beam saber x 2 (can be configured into beam javelin x 1)
Optional Armament: beam rifle x 1, hyper bazooka x 1, gundam hammer x 1
Pilot: Amuro Ray
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