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The area has been inhabited since the ancient times. The first large settlement dates back to the 5th century BCE, its inhabitants were Celts. They named the town Arrabona, a name that was used for eight centuries and its shortened form Raab is still used as the German and Slovak name of the city.
Roman merchants moved to Arrabona during the 1st century BCE, and around 10 CE the Roman army occupied the northern part of Western Hungary which they called Pannonia. Although the Roman Empire abandoned the area in the 4th century due to constant attacks of the tribes living east from the area, the town remained inhabited.
Around 500 the territory was settled by Slavs, in 547 by the Lombards, in 568-c. 800 by the Avars, then under Frankish and Slavic influence, then between 880 and 894 it was part of Great Moravia, and then shortly under East Frankish influence.
The MagyarsThis article is about the Magyar people. For the Magyar language, see Hungarian language. Magyars are an ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. In English they are usually called Hungarians except in some historical texts. The word Hungarian has occupied the town around 900 and fortified the abandoned Roman fortress. Stephen ISaint-King Stephen "the Great Szent Istvan kiraly in Hungarian, tefan in Slovak) (about 975 August 15, 1038), was the first king of Hungary. His father was the Magyar chieftain Geza: his mother was named Sarolt, and Stephen was given the name Vajk (meanin, the first king of Hungary founded an episcopate there. The town got its Hungarian name Gyor. The Hungarians lived in tents, later in cottages, in the area, which is now the southeastern part of the city centre. The town was affected by all the trials and tribulations of the history of Hungary; it was occupied by Mongols during the invasion of the Mongols (1241–1242) and was destroyed then by the CzechThe word Czech may refer to: the Czech people, historical inhabitants of Bohemia, Moravia and the Czech part of Silesia. Czech language and its speakers the Czech Republic and its citizens Czechoslovakia (broken up in 1993) and its citizens the Czech land army in 1271.
During the Turkish occupationThis is the history of Hungary . See also the history of Europe and the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary: Pre-History and Early History, and Hungary Origins of the Hungarian state See also Hungary: Pre-History and Early History, Sources of present-day Hungary (1541 - late 17th century), Gyor's commander Kristóf Lambert thought it would be futile to try to defend the town from the Turkish army, and he burnt the whole town instead; the Turkish found nothing but blackened ruins, hence the Turkish name for Gyor, Janik kala ("burnt city").
The town has been rebuilt and surrounded with a castle and a city wall, designed by the leading Italian builders of the era. The town changed a lot during these years, with lots of new buildings built in RenaissanceLeonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, an example of the blend of art and science during the Renaissance The Renaissance was a great cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern Eur style but the main square and the grid of streets remained.
In 1594 the Turkish army occupied the castle and the town, but in 1598 the Hungarian and Austrian army managed to occupy it again.
The town became prosperous during the following centuries. In 1743 Gyor was elevated to free royal town status by Maria TheresaMaria Theresa ( May 13, 1717 November 29, 1780) was a Habsburg by birth and a Holy Roman Empress by marriage, Archduchess of Austria, and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia from 1740 to 1780. Maria has been called an " enlightened monarch", but this status is u. Many religious orders ( Jesuites , CarmelitesOrigin and Early History Carmelites (in Latin Ordo fratrum Beatae Virginis Mariae de monte Carmelo is the name of a Roman Catholic order founded in the 12th century by a certain Berthold (d. after 1185) on Mount Carmel, whence the order receives its name.) settled in the town and they built schools, churches, a hospital and a monastery.
Napoleon occupied the castle and had some of its walls blown up. The leaders of the town soon realized that the old ramparts aren't useful any more. Most of the ramparts were destroyed and thus the town could expand.In mid-1800s, Gyor's role in trade grew as the steamship traffic on the river Danube began, but the town lost its importance in trade when the railway line between Budapest and Kanizsa has been built (1861). The town leaders compensated for this loss with industrialization. The town prospered till World War II, but during the war several buildings were destroyed. The 1950s and 60s brought even more change, only big block houses were built, and the old historical buildings weren't given care or attention. In the 1970s the reconstruction of the city centre began, old buildings were restored and reconstructed. In 1989 Gyor won the European award for monument protection.
Today Gyor is one of the most important administrative and cultural centres of Hungary. The city is also a popular tourist destination.
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