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Racial hygiene (often labeled a form of " scientific racism") is the selection, by a government, of the most physical, intellectual and moral persons to raise the next generation ( selective breeding) and a close alignment of public health with eugenics. In the past, this has been done by using deportation, segregation, compulsory sterilization, and even genocide of persons or groups with various mental disibilities, ethnicities, handicaps, criminal backgrounds, religious affiliations, etc.It was the German doctor Alfred Ploetz who introduced the term rassenhygiene in his "Racial hygiene basics" (Grundlinien einer Rassenhygiene) in 1895. In its earliest incarnation it was concerned more with the declining birthrate of the German state and the increasing number of mentally ill and disabled in state institutions (and their costs to the state) than with the "Jewish question" and "de-nordification" (Entnordung) which would come to dominate its philosophy in Germany from the 1920s through the second World War. One of the confusing aspects of "racial hygiene" is that "race" was often interchangeably used to mean "human race" as well as "German race" as well as " Aryan race" -- three quite different concepts with three quite different implications. In the 1930s it was this latter use of "racial hygiene" which was embraced by the followers of Nazi ideology. It often served as the theoretical backbone of Nazi policies of racial superiority and later genocide, leading to its detractors to label it as " scientific racism."
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler ( April 20, 1889 April 30, 1945) was the Fuhrer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. In that capacity he was Chancellor of Germany, head of government, and head of state, ruling as a formed a key part of Nazi ideology around the concept of racial hygiene and during his rule the field was elevated to the primary philosophy of the German medical community, first by activist physicians within the medical profession. This was later codified and institutionalized during the process of GleichschaltungThe German word Gleichschaltung (literally "Synchronising"; synchronization) is used in a political sense to describe the process by which the Nazi regime successively established a system of authoritarian control and tight coordination over all aspects o (literally, "coordination" or "unification") which streamlined the medical profession into a rigid hierarchy with Nazi-sanctioned leadership at the top.
Racial hygienists played key roles in the HolocaustThis article deals with the Nazi Holocaust. For other meanings of the word Holocaust see Holocaust (disambiguation Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust refers to Nazi Germany's systematic genocide of various ethnic, religious, nat, which was itself in part a massive attempt to purge individuals with undesirable traits (notably JewThe word Jew is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to either a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or a member of the Jewish culture or ethnicity. This article discusses the term as describing an ethnic group; for as, Gypsies, and homosexuals, but also the mentally retarded and insane). After World War II it has been widely reviled as cruel and brutal.
See also: Ethnic cleansing
References
- Proctor, Robert. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988.
