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Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts to a Unitarian minister and would later become a Unitarian minister himself. Emerson eventually, however, broke away from the doctrine of his superiors and formulated and expressed the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay Nature.
In 1810, when Emerson was eight years old, his father died. His father complained that Emerson couldn't read well enough when he was 3 years old. In October of 1817, at the age of 14, Emerson went to Harvard University and was appointed President's Freshman, a position which gave him a room free of charge. He waited at Commons, which reduced the cost of his board to one quarter, and he received a scholarship. He added to his slender means by tutoring and by teaching during the winter vacations at his Uncle Ripley's school in Waltham, Massachusetts.
After Emerson graduated from Harvard, he assisted his brother in a school for young ladies established in their mother's house; when his brother went to GöttingenMap of Germany showing Gottingen Coat of Arms University of Gottingen Top The old Auditorium Maximum (1862-65 Bottom New library building Gottingen is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Gottingen. The Leine river runs th to study divinity, Emerson took charge of the school. Over the next several years, Emerson made his living as a schoolmaster, eventually studying divinity himself, and emerging as a Unitaritan minister. A dispute with church officials over the administration of the Communion service led to his resignation. About the same time, his young wife and one true love, Miss Elena Louisa Tucker, died in AprilApril is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 30 days. Derived from the Latin aprilis either from the Latin word aperire which means "to open", probably referring to growing plants in spring, or from the Etruscan name Apru for Aphr of 1831Events February- March Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops February 20 Battle of Grochow. Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army. March 1 Democrat Samuel Smith becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States.
In 1832–33, Emerson toured Europe, a trip that he would later write about in English Traits ( 1856Events January 8 Borax is discovered ( John Veatch). January 29 Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross February 18 The American Party ( Know-Nothings) convene in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to nominate their first Presidential candidate, former Presi). During this trip, he met Wordsworth, Coleridge, John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill ( May 20, 1806 May 8, 1873) an English philosopher and economist, was the most influential liberal thinker of the 19th century. He was an advocate of utilitarianism, the ethical theory first proposed by his godfather Jeremy Bentham. John, and Thomas CarlyleFor the Carlyle Group, see Carlyle Group Thomas Carlyle ( December 4, 1795 February 5, 1881) was a Scottish essayist and historian, whose work was hugely influential during the Victorian era. He was born in Ecclefechan, Dumfries and Galloway, and was educ. Emerson maintained a correspondence with Carlyle until Carlyle's death in 1881.
In 1835, Emerson bought a house on the Cambridge Turnpike, in Concord, Massachusetts. He quickly became one of the leading citizens in the town.
In 1836, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded The Dial , a periodical which served as a vehicle for the Transcendental movement, although the first issue did not appear until July of 1840. Meanwhile, Emerson published his first book, Nature, in September of 1836.
Early in 1842, Emerson lost his first son, Waldo, to scarlet fever. Emerson wrote about his grief in two major works: the poem " Threnody ", and the essay " Experience".
Emerson was a popular lecturer in New England and the rest of the country outside of the south. During several scheduled apperances that he was not able to make, Frederick Douglass took his place. Emerson was noted as being a very abstract and difficult writer who never the less drew large crowds for his speeches. A common joke heard from his audiences, was they had no idea what he was saying, but it was beautiful. He was considered one of the great orators of the time, a man who could enrapture crowds with his own enthusiasm. His outspoken, uncompromising, support for abolitionism later in life caused protest, and jeers, from crowds when he spoke on the subject. He continued to speak on the subject without concern for popularity and with increasing radicalism. As a young man he had outraged the establishment with his Harvard Divinity Address proclaiming Jesus Christ a great man but not god. For this he was denounced as an atheist, and a poisoner of young mens minds. Despite the roar of his critics he made no reply leaving it to others for his defense. He was not invited back to Harvard, to speak, for another forty years. He tried very hard to not join the public arena as a member of any group or movement, and always kept a strong independence that reflected his individualism. He always insisted that he wanted no followers, but sought to give man back to himself, as a self-reliant individual. Asked to sum up his work late in life, he said it was his doctrine of "the infinitude of the private man" that remained central.
Emerson is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord.
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