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He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905. He is considered one of the founders of bacteriology.
Robert Koch was born in Clausthal , Germany as the son of a mining official. He studied medicine under Jacob Henle at the University of GöttingenMap of Germany showing Gottingen Coat of Arms University of Gottingen Top The old Auditorium Maximum (1862-65 Bottom New library building Gottingen is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Gottingen. The Leine river runs th and graduated in 1866. He then served in the Franco-Prussian WarMars-la-Tour, August 16, 1870 The Franco-Prussian War ( July 19, 1870 May 10, 1871) was waged between the Empire of France and the Prussian led North German Confederation allied with the south German states of Baden, Bavaria and Wurttemberg. The conflict and later became district medical officer in Wollstein . Working with very limited resources, he became one of the founders of bacteriology, the other being Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur ( December 27 1822 September 28 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist who advocated the germ theory of disease and developed techniques of inoculation. Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, Jura departement France, the son of a tanner..
After Casimir Davaine showed the direct transmission of the anthraxAlternate meanings in Anthrax (disambiguation Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and is highly lethal in its most virulent form. Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic herbivores, but it can also oc bacillus between cows, Koch studied anthrax more closely. He invented methods to purify the bacillus from blood samples and grow pure cultures. He found that, while it could not survive outside a host for long, anthrax built persisting spores that could last a long time. These spores, embedded in soil, were the cause of unexplained "spontaneous" outbreaks of anthrax. Koch published his findings in 1876, and was rewarded with a job at the Imperial Health Office in BerlinBerlin [ bɛrˈliːn ] is the national capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. 5 million before World War II. Berlin is located on the rivers Spree and Havel in the northea in 1880.
In BerlinBerlin [ bɛrˈliːn ] is the national capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. 5 million before World War II. Berlin is located on the rivers Spree and Havel in the northea, he improved the methods he used in Wollstein, including staining and purification techniques, and bacterial growth media, including agarAgar is a galactose polymer obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae or seaweeds Sphaerococcus Euchema and Gelidium species), chiefly from eastern Asia. Also known as Kanten Agar-Agar, or Agal-Agal (Ceylon Agar). Dissolved in hot water an plates and the Petri dish (named after J.R. Petri ), both of which are still used today. With these techniques, he was able to discover the bacterium causing tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in 1882 (he announced the discovery on March 24). Tuberculosis was the cause of one in seven deaths in the mid-19th century. The importance of his findings raised Koch to the level of Louis Pasteur in bacteriological research.
In 1883, Koch worked with a French research team in Alexandria, Egypt, studying cholera. Koch identified the vibrio bacterium that caused cholera, though he never managed to prove it in experiments. In 1885, he became professor for hygiene at the university of Berlin, and later, in 1891, director of the newly formed Institute of Infectious Diseases, a position which he resigned from in 1904. He started traveling around the world, studying diseases in South Africa, India, and Java.
Probably as important as his work on tuberculosis, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize, are Koch's postulates, which say that to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease, it must be :
But after his success the quality of his own research declined (especially with the fiasco over his ineffective TB cure 'tuberculin'), although his pupils using his methods found the organisms responsible for diphtheria, typhoid, pneumonia, gonorrhoea, cerebrospinal meningitis, leprosy, bubonic plague, tetanus, and syphilis among others.
He died in Baden-Baden, Germany.
For the American lobbyist see Bobby Koch
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