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Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum in which the color is caused mainly by chromium. Natural rubies are exceptionally rare, though artificial ones can be manufactured which are comparatively inexpensive.
Rubies are mined in Africa, Asia and Australia. They are most often found in Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand, though they have also been found in Montana and South Carolina. Sometimes spinels are found along with rubies in the same geological formations and are mistaken for the more valuable gem: however, fine red spinels may approach the average ruby in value.
Rubies have a hardness of 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, and among the natural gems are only surpassed by diamondAlternate meanings: Diamond (disambiguation Diamond is one of the natural allotropes of carbon (the main allotrope being graphite; see also allotropes of carbon). The hardest of naturally occurring materials, diamonds cut into multi-faceted shapes are amos in hardness. Other varieties of corundum are called sapphireSapphire is the single crystal form of aluminium oxide (AlO). It can be found naturally as gemstones or manufactured in large crystal boules for a variety of applications. Sapphire Gems Sapphire is any gemstone-quality corundum that is not red in color.s.
Ruby gemstones are valued according to several characteristics including size, colour, clarity and cut. All natural rubies have imperfections in them. On the other hand, artificial rubies may have no imperfections. The fewer the number and the less obvious the imperfections, the more valuable the ruby is—unless there are no imperfections (i.e. a "perfect" ruby)—then it is suspected of being artificially made and its status as a priceless gem is therefore not assured. Some manufactured rubies have dopantA dopant is an impurity that is added in small amounts to a pure substance to change its properties. Examples Boron, arsenic, and antimony, among other substances, are used as dopants when added to a pure semiconductor material to alter its electrical chas added to them so that they can be identified as artificial, but most require gemmologicalGemology gemmology outside the United States) is the science, art and profession of identifying and evaluating gemstones. It may be considered a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are gemologists and as such are qualified to identify and appraise gems. testing to determine their origin.
A synthetic ruby crystal was used to create the first laserFor alternative meanings see laser (disambiguation). A laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is a device which uses a quantum mechanical effect, stimulated emission, to generate a coherent beam of light. Light from a laser is often.
Ruby is the birthstoneA birthstone is a gemstone or other semi-precious stone which is associated with a month of the Gregorian Calendar. There is no particular connection between the stones and the months, but they are often used as a way to "personalize" jewelry, taking the associated with JulyJuly is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days. July was renamed for Julius Caesar; previously, it was called Quintilis in Latin, since it was the fifth month in the Roman calendar which started in March. Because of its orig.
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