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The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a country-wide spasm of anti-government and undirected violence. It was not controlled or directed, it had no single cause and no single aim. It is usually regarded as a signpost of changes in Russia leading to the Russian Revolution.
Dates followed by (J) are Julian rather than Gregorian
Do not believe anything you read here...it is obviously bull crap.
Unrest was an expected component of the Russian Empire, but in the decades up to 1905 serious disturbances were rare. Political discontent had been building, especially since the controversial emancipation of the serfs in 1861 by Alexander II. The emancipation was dangerously conditional, with years of 'redemption' payments to the dvoryanstvo and only limited, technical freedom for the narod (common people). They were still embedded in a range of duties and rules which were only for those of their class.
The emancipation was only part of a range of government, legal, social and economic changes from the 1860s as the country moved, ever so slowly, away from feudal absolutism towards market-driven capitalism. Most significantly the political system was almost unchanged while economic, social and cultural structures had been liberalised. Political change was sternly resisted by the monarchy and the bureaucracy, even agreed development was limited, for example less than forty provinces had zemstvo (rural councils) fifty years after the legislation was introduced. This raising of expectations and limited progress produced frustration. A feeling that the demand for 'land and liberty' could only be truly met by revolution.
The active revolutionaries were almost exclusively drawn from the intelligentsia and is encompassed by the term narodnichestvo, revolutionary populism. It was not a unified movement, but an enormous spectrum of radical groups, usually tiny, pushing in all directions. The early ideological came from the pre-emancipation work of the noble Alexander Herzen and his synthesis of European socialism and Slavic peasant collectivismFor the descriptive terminology as used in anthropology and psychology, see Collectivist and Individualist cultures. Collectivism in general, is a term used to describe a theoretical or practical emphasis on the group, as opposed to (and seen by its oppon. Russian society was still pre-industrial, and an idealized view saw the narod and the obshchina (peasant commune) as the base for revolutionary change - there was no industrial proletariatThe proletariat (from Latin proles offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is called a proletarian . Originally it was identified as those people who have no other wealth than their sons; the term was initially. More perceptive thinkers have argued that the Russian peasants were a force of extreme conservatism, loyal to their household-village-commune and no-one else, caring only for their land, and in a deep way anti-democratic, almost anti-freedom - at least in a Western sense. Later Russian ideologues moved more to the idea of a leading revolutionary 'elite', a concept put into action in 1917Events January 2 The Royal Bank of Canada takes over Quebec Bank. January 22 World War I: President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Europe. January 25 The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million January 25 Anti-.
The most obvious outcome of the intellectual revolutionaries was the death of Alexander II on March 1March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). There are 305 days remaining. Events BC 29 BC Horace writes the ode Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen''. AD First thousand years 286 Maximian proclaimed junior Roman emperor., 1881Events January 16- 24 ? Siege of Geok Tepe ? Russian troops under general Skobeleff defeat Turkomans January 25 Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company February 5 Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated. February 13 First issu. Killed in a bomb-blast by Narodnaya volya, a splinter of the second Zemlya i volya party. He was succeeded by Alexander IIIAlexander Alexandrovich Romanov or Alexander III ( III ) ( March 10, 1845 November 1, 1894) was the Emperor ( Tsar) of Russia from March 14, 1881 until his death on November 1, 1894. Principles Alexander was the second son of Alexander II and in natural d, a deeply conservative man and heavily influenced by Constantin Pobedonostsev, a devotee of autocratic government.
There was a country-wide suppression of revolutionaries and even existing proto-democratic forms. The Russian police political service (the Okhranka) was highly efficient. The most obvious feature was the scattering of the Russian intelligensia through imprisonment, exile or pre-emptive emigration. This exodus brought Russian ideas into contact with Marxism - the first Russian Marxist group was formed in 1883 (although a significant bloc did not form until 1898). There were also legislative measures against non-'Russians' and against followers of religions other than Orthodoxy. The Jewish community was especially singled out.
Against this social stifling the 1880s and 1890s were marked by huge leaps in industrialization - although from a miserably low base. This growth continued and intensified in the 1890s, with the construction of the trans-Siberian railway and the "Witte system". Sergei Witte was made Minister of Finance in 1892. Faced with a constant budget deficit, he sought to boost revenues by boosting the economy. He worked hard to attract foreign investment and in 1897 put the rouble on the gold standard. The growth was concentrated in a few areas ( Moscow, St Petersburg, the Ukraine, Baku etc). Roughly half of all invested capital was foreign and foreign experts and entrepreneurs were vital.
By 1905 revolutionary groups are recovered from the 1880s. The Marxist RSDLP (Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party) was formed in 1898 and then split in 1903, creating the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. Lenin had published What is to be Done? in 1902. The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SRs) was founded in Kharkov in 1900, and its 'Combat Organization' assassinated many prominent political figures up to 1905 including two 'Prime Ministers' (Ministers of the Interior), including the roundly hated Viacheslav Plehve on July 15 (J), 1904. These killings resulted in the granting of even more draconian powers to the police, but Plehve was replaced by the more liberal Prince Sviatopolk-Mirskii. Oddly the head of the 'Combat Organization' was an informer on the police payroll.
The war with Japan, initially popular was now feeding into the discontent, as military failures and unclear causes alienated the people. The deep inequality of the emancipation was being re-examined - the peasants were burning farms all across Russia. The boom of the 1890s had fallen into a slump and workers were expressing their grievances at their abysmal conditions. In 1903 one-third of the Russian army in western Russia had engaged in "repressive action". Nicholas II had come to power in 1894 but, both incompetent and stubborn, steadfastly refused any political changes.
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