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The European names derived from misinterpretation of a Manchu name sahaliyan ula angga hada (peak of the mouth of Amur River). Sahaliyan means black in Manchu and refers to Amur River (sahaliyan ula). Its proper Ainu name, Karafuto (樺太) or Krafto, was restored to the island by the Japanese during their possession of its southern part ( 1905- 1945Events January January 5 The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge. January 12 World War II:).
Sakhalin was inhabited in the NeolithicThe Neolithic (Greek neos new, lithos stone, or "New Stone Age") is traditionally the last part of the stone age. The name was invented by John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system. It followed Pleistocene Epipalaeolithic and early Holo Stone AgeThe Stone Age is that ancient time period during which, humans created tools from stone (for lack of better technology). Wood, bones and other materials would also be used, but stone (in particular flint) was shaped for use as cutting tools and weapons.. Flintchalk cliffs, Cape Arkona, Rugen Flint (or flintstone is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline silica rock with a glassy appearance. Flint is usually dark grey, blue, black, or deep brown in colour. It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in chalks and li implements, exactly like those of Siberia and Russia, have been found at Dui and KusunaiKusunai (or Kushunnai is a Japanese settlement in Sakhalin which was attacked by the Soviet Union and since then has been occupied by Russia. in great numbers, as well as polished stone hatchets, like the European ones, primitive pottery with decorations like those of Olonets and stone weights for nets. Afterwards a population to whom bronzeBronze is the traditional name for a broad range of alloys of copper, usually with zinc and tin but not limited to those metals. First used during the Bronze Age, to which it gave its name, bronze made tools, weapons and armor that were either harder or m was known left traces in earthen walls and kitchen-middens on the Aniva Bay .
Sakhalin's natives did not make contact with the Manchu Empire until the 19th century. Sakhalin became known to Europeans from the travels of Ivan Moskvitin and Martin Gerritz de Vries in the 17th century, and still better from those of La Pérouse ( 1787) and Krusenstern ( 1805). Both, however, regarded it as a peninsula, and were unaware of the existence of the Mamiya Strait or Strait of Tartary, which was discovered in 1809 by Mamiya Rinzo . The Russian navigator Gennady Nevelskoy in 1849 definitively established the existence and navigability of this strait. Japan proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island in 1845. The Treaty of Shimoda was made in 1855 between Russia and Japan which stipulated that both nationals can inhabit the island: Russians to the north, and Japanese to the south, without a clear boundary between. Russia also agreed in the treaty to dismantle its military base at Ootomari - a Sakhalin town that was established by the Japanese in 1679. The Russians made their first permanent settlement on Sakhalin in 1857 as a Czarist penal colony, but the southern part of the island was held by the Japanese until the 1875 Treaty of Saint Petersburg, when they ceded it to Russia in exchange for the Kuril islands. After the Russo-Japanese war, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Portsmouth of 1905 in the United States, which resulted in the southern part of the island below 50° N retro-ceding to Japan, the Russians retaining the other three-fifths of the area.
In August 1945, the USSR took over the control of Sakhalin. Since January 2, 1947, the Sakhalin Region, in its present form, was officially defined and integrated as a part of the Russian Federation.
No final peace treaty has been signed, and the status of the neighbouring Kuril Islands remain disputed. Japan renounced its claims of sovereignty over southern Sakhalin in the Treaty of San Francisco ( 1952), but did not approve Russian sovereignty over it. From Japan's official position, Sakhalin's attribution is not determined yet.
In 1983, a civilian airliner flew over Sakhalin and was shot down by the Soviets (see Korean Air Flight KAL-007).
On May 28, 1995, an earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale occurred, killing 2,000 people of the town of Neftegorsk.
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