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As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 27,718.
San Carlos aims for a "small town" feel. Its main downtown area is composed mostly of small shops and restaurants. San Carlos was the first city in California to open a charter school, and its schools rank consistently well in state-wide lists.
San Carlos is home to San Carlos Airport and Hiller Air Museum, a museum specializing in helicopter history, and the administrative headquarters of SamTrans and Caltrain.
Transportation options include membership in the SamTrans ( San Mateo County, California) bus system and a CalTrain station. As of 2003, the city began experimenting with a free shuttle bus to help with transportation difficulties for those living in hillier regions of town, and especially to make up for a lack of school buses.
Prior to the Spanish arrival in 1769, the land of San Carlos was occupied by a group of Native Americans who called themselves the Lamchins . While they considered themselves to have a separate identity from other local tribes, modern scholars consider them to be a part of the OhloneThe Ohlone were an ethnic group whose members lived in what is now the San Francisco Bay Area of California until after the European discovery and settling of this area. At one time, the name "Ohlone", derived from a Spanish rancho called Oljon, referred or Costonoan tribes that inhabited the Bay Area.
The Lamchins referred to the area of their primary residence - probably on the north bank of Pulgas creek - as "Cachanihtac," which included their word for vermin. When the Spanish arrived, they translated this as "the fleas," or "los Pulgas," giving many places and roads their modern names.
The Native American life was one of traditional hunting and gathering. There was plentiful game and fowl available, and fish could be caught in the San Francisco Bay. There were also grasses, plants and oak trees (for acorns), and achaelogical finds of mortars and pestles indicates that these source were processed for food. No doubt they also participated in the regional trading networks for goods that could not be gathered or grown locally.
The Lamchin permanent village is thought to been here: MapQuest's map of the spot between the modern streets of Alameda de los Pulgas and Cordilleras Avenue, near San Carlos Avenue.
In 1769, Gaspar de PortoláGaspar de Portol (ca. 1717 aft. 1784) was a Spanish soldier, first governor of the Californias ( Baja and Alta) ( 1767- 1770), explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey. 1734- 1784) He was born about 1717 at Balaguer in Catalonia, Spain, of a Spanish was the first westerner to reach the San Francisco Bay. While early historians placed his approach to the Bay from the Pacific Ocean as coming over the San Carlos hills, present researchers believe this "discovery" actually occurred in present day Belmont .
The Spanish, with overwhelming military and economic advantages over the native population, quickly dominated the Bay Area. A missionsThe California missions are a series of settlements established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans, to Christianize the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. The missions introduced European livest was established in San Francisco, and land was deeded in large "ranchos", or ranches, to prominent and wealthy Spaniards, with no concern for the native populations that lived on them.
The new ranch owners raised cattle on the lands, displacing the native game populations and disrupting the food supply of the indigenous population. As well, the Spanish strongly discouraged the Native Americans from their periodic controlled burns, which helped maintain the grasslands.
Facing the end of their way of life, the local population had little choice but to seek assistance from the missions and convert to ChristianityChristian cross and its many variations are widely recognized as an ancient Christian symbol. Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. Although Christians generally chara. Traditional trade routes and alliances fell apart by 1800. While the missions continued to receive converts throughout the first half of the 19th century, the Native American way of life in the Bay Area was all but destroyed by that time.
The land now occupied by the city of San Carlos was deeded as a single large rancho to Don José Darío Argüello . He and his family did not live there, but rather raised cattle and crops for money on "Rancho Cachinetac" (a Spanish derivation of "Cachanihtac"). José's son Luis Argüello was the first California-born governor of the state, and after his death in 1830 the remaining family moved to the ranch, now known as "Rancho de las Pulgas." The family adobe was located at the present-day intersection of Magnolia and Cedar streets.
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