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Santiago (full form Santiago de Chile) is the capital of Chile. It is situated in the central valley, in the Metropolitana Region. 1 History
Santiago was founded by Pedro de Valdivia on February 12, 1541 with the name Santiago de Nueva Extremadura. The founding ceremony was held on Huelén Hill (later renamed Santa Lucía Hill ). Valdivia chose the location of Santiago because of its climate and the ease with which it could be defended. This was because the Mapocho River split in two, and rejoined further downstream, forming an island.
With the help of the native Picunche Indians the first buildings were erected. The south bank of the Mapocho River was drained and converted into a public promenade, known as the Alameda (now Avenida Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins). The city was slightly damaged during the War of Independence ( 1810– 18), in the Battle of Maipú , which was fought just out of the city. Santiago was named capital in 1818.
2 Climate
The climate in Santiago is mediterranean. With hot dry summers (November to March) with temperatures reaching to 35 Celsius on some days. The winters (June to August) are more humid with maximum temperatures of 15 being the norm, and minimums of a few degrees above freezing.
Mean rainfall is 360 mm per year.
3 Population
According to the latest census (2002), 4,668,473 people live in the city of Santiago. This represents roughly one third of the total population of Chile.
4 Political divisions
Santiago is divided into 32 municipalities (comunas in Spanish). Each municipality has a mayor (alcalde), who is chosen by vote, every four years. The members of the municipality (concejales) are elected in the same election on a separate ballot.
4.1 List of municipalities
- Santiago
- Cerrillos
- Cerro Navia
- Conchalí
- El Bosque
- Estación Central
- Huechuraba
- Independencia
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- La Cisterna
- La Florida
- La Granja
- La Pintana
- La Reina
- Las Condes
- Lo Barnechea
- Lo Espejo
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- Lo Prado
- Macul
- Maipú
- Ñuñoa
- Pedro Aguirre Cerda
- Peñalolén
- Providencia
- Pudahuel
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- Quilicura
- Quinta Normal
- Recoleta
- Renca
- San Joaquín
- San Miguel
- San Ramón
- VitacuraVitacura is a municipality comuna in northeastern Santiago, Chile, at the foot of the Andes mountains. The area is inhabited primarily by high income families. Other high income municipalities in Santiago include: La Reina, Las Condes, Lo Barnechea and Pr
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5 Culture
Palacio de la Moneda, Santiago De Chile
Santiago has the largest concentration of higher-education institutions in the country.
5.1 Universities
TraditionalIn Chile, the term Universidades Tradicionales (Traditional Universities) is used to denote the group of universities founded before the 1980s. These universities received economical state support (in many ways) and collectively are recognised as the publ (Public):
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC ( Spanish Pontifical Catholic University of Chile is one of Chile's oldest and most prestigious universities. It was founded June 21, 1888 through a decree issued by the Santiago Archbishopric. Monsignor Joaqu (PUC)
- Universidad de ChileUniversidad de Chile ( Spanish University of Chile is one of the oldest universities in America, and the largest and most prestigious in Chile. Its origins can be traced back to 1622, when on 19 August of that year, the first university in Chile, Santo To (U, UCh)
- Universidad de Santiago de ChileUniversidad de Santiago de Chile USACH ( Spanish University of Santiago, Chile is one of the oldest public universities in Chile. The institution was born as Escuela de Artes y Oficios (Spanish School of Arts & Crafts in 1849, under the government of Manu (USACH)
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE)
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM)
Non-Traditional (Private):
- Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano
- Universidad Alberto Hurtado
- Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins
- Universidad Bolivariana
- Universidad Católica Raúl Silva Henríquez
- Universidad Central de Chile
- Universidad de Artes y Ciencias Sociales (ARCIS)
- Universidad de Artes, Ciencias y Comunicación (UNIACC)
- Universidad de Ciencias de la Informática
- Universidad de Las Américas
- Universidad de Los Andes
- Universidad del Desarrollo
- Universidad del Pacífico
- Universidad Diego PortalesUniversidad Diego Portales is the oldest private university in Chile. Founded in 1982, it has various campuses in Santiago and Talca. The university is especially recognized for its Law and Administration studies. External links http://www.
- Universidad Europea de Negocios
- Universidad Finis Terrae
- Universidad Gabriela MistralUniversidad Gabriela Mistral is a privately funded university in Santiago, Chile. Famous alumni Amaro Gomez-Pablos Television anchor man and journalist.
- Universidad Iberoamericana de Ciencias y Tecnología
- Universidad Internacional SEK
- Universidad La República
- Universidad Mariano Egaña
- Universidad Mayor
- Universidad Miguel de Cervantes
- Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello
- Universidad Santo Tomás
- Universidad Tecnológica Vicente Pérez Rosales
