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Saruman the White (Curunír Lán in Sindarin) was the first of his order of Wizards (or Istari) who came into Middle-earth as Emissaries of the Valar in the Third Age. He was the leader of the White Council. His name meant Man of skill.
In appearance, Saruman was as an old man with black hair. At the end of the Third Age, his hair and beard had turned mostly white. He was tall, his face was long, and his eyes were deep and dark. He would appear in a white cloak, a habit he later changed into a cloak that changed colours as he moved.
He wasn't actually a Man, or even an Elf (as Men often suspected) but a Maia clothed in flesh (see Origins below)—an Istar. As such he was immortal and extremely powerful, yet had limits on how and how far these powers could be expressed. His two most salient powers were his knowledge and his voice.
Knowledge of the "deep arts" (or magic, such as it is in Middle-earth) was of most interest to him, particularly when related to power—such as the Rings of Power and the far seeing palantíri. He was also deeply learned in ancient lore regarding powerful kingdoms such as Númenor, GondorGondor is a fictional location from J. Tolkien's Middle-earth. History Like Arnor to the north, Gondor is a human kingdom founded by the line of Elendil after the Downfall of Numenor. It was located to the south of Rohan and to the west of Mordor, on the and MoriaThis article is about the fictional underground city, which is not to be confused with El Moria. Tolkien's fictional universe, Middle-earth, Moria (also known as Khazad-dum The Black Chasm The Black Pit Dwarrowdelf Hadhodrond and Phurunargian is the name.
His voice and speech were extremely convincing, more powerful than mere rhetoric. When he focused this power on a person or a group of people, he could sway their hearts, plant fears and sow lies as he pleased. According to the stature of the listener, this spell could last as long as the speech did, or it could take root in them and last forever.
Other powers include knowledge of machinery and chemistry, probably separable from explicit magic (for instance, the "blasting fire" employed by his OrcOrc or Ork an Old English word ('orc-neas' from Beowulf) for the zombie-like monsters of Grendel's race was revived by J. Tolkien in his Middle-earth legendarium. For the origin of the word and its usage in other fantasy works, see: Orc. In Tolkien's writ army in the battle of Helm's DeepTolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth, Helm's Deep was a large valley in the north-western Ered Nimrais (White Mountains). The valley was blocked over its entire width by the natural series of hills called Helm's Dike and behind that lied the fortr, was probably some kind of explosive). Machinery and engines characterized both his fortified IsengardTolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth, Isengard a translation of the Sindarin Angrenost was a large fortress. Both names mean "Iron Fortress". Isengard was built in the Second Age around the tower of Orthanc by the Numenoreans in exile. Its locatio and his altered Shire. In this, he probably sought to emulate SauronSauron is a fictional character from J. Tolkien's Middle-earth universe. He is the titular Lord of the Rings against whom the protagonists of that series struggle. His name is pronounced in IPA as: sn and in SAMPA as: sAUr\`Qn''. His "birth" occured in 30.
His science also extended to biological areas. He crossed Men and Orcs, breeding a new race of Orcs unafraid of daylight, the Uruk-haiTolkien's fictional realm of Middle-earth, the Uruk-hai (( Black Speech: Orc folk were a new breed of Orcs that appeared during the Third Age. Books The Uruk-Hai made up a large part of Saruman's army, together with the Dunlendings and other human enemies. His human spies in Bree were said to have Orc blood. He also employed birds in his service, although this might also be attributed to Radagast the Brown, ordering them to report to Orthanc, Saruman's stronghold.
Being regarded as more powerful than Gandalf (at least before Gandalf's rebirth), it's fair to assume he would also wield explicit magic similar to Gandalf, such as artificial light, locking spells, creating fire, etc..
Saruman resembled Gandalf not only in appearance, but originally also somewhat in character, but unlike Gandalf, Saruman was proud. He saw himself as the most powerful of the Istari, expressing clear contempt for Radagast the Brown. Saruman was no fool: he realized Gandalf's power, and eventually became to see him as an equal, and later as a superior, much to his distress. He began to become jealous of Gandalf, eventually convincing himself Gandalf must be scheming against him, to justify his own scheming against Gandalf and the rest of the White Council.
Saruman likely was true to his mission in the beginning, and actually believed in working to stop Sauron, but his pride and later arrogance turned him into a traitor to the cause he had once served. Saruman's betrayal was not sudden, but slowly grew over time, until at last he had convinced himself that he could not have taken any other path, and that it was too late now to repent. This false belief kept him from taking his last chance at redemption, and because he must have realized this he only became more bitter, blaming Gandalf more than anyone else for his own downfall. In fact he only had himself to blame, but he refused to believe this.
The name given to him by Men, Saruman, is in the Westron language. In Tolkien's works, this language is (almost) never shown directly, but translated into English and Anglo-Saxon forms. In this case, Tolkien used the Anglo-saxon root word searu which means "skill" or "cunning". The real Westron version of his name remains unknown.
His name among the Elves is Curunír, which is in Sindarin, a language Tolkien did not translate. It means "man of skill", and was often followed by Lán, which means "white". In Valinor, his name was Curumo, which is the Quenya version of the same name.