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Scottish Gaelic, or just Gaelic (Gàidhlig; SAMPA: /"gAlIk/) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. The branch includes Scottish and Irish Gaelic as well as Manx Gaelic, and is distinct from the Brythonic branch, which includes Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Scottish, Manx and Irish Gaelic are all descended from Old Irish. For this reason, it is preferable to refer to it as Scottish Gaelic or Gàidhlig to avoid confusion with the two other tongues.
Gaelic is the traditional language of the Gaels, the Celtic ethnic group now mainly in the
Scottish Highlands, and the historical language of most of Scotland. As such, it occupies a special place inScottish culture, and is recognised by many Scots, regardless of whether they speak Gaelic, as being a priceless part of the nation's culture, though others may view it primarily as a regional language. Gaelic has a rich oral tradition (beul aithris), having been the language of the bardic culture of the Highland clans for several centuries. The language suffered as the Highlanders and their traditions were persecuted, especially after Culloden and since the
Highland ClearancesThe Highland Clearances were part of a process of agricultural change throughout the United Kingdom, but the late timing, the abruptness of the change from the Clan System in the Scottish Highlands and the brutality of many of the evictions gave the Highl, but despite lingering prejudices, the language is now achieving greater culturaland official recognition.
Scottish Gaelic may be more correctly known as Highland Gaelic to distinguish it from the now defunct Lowland Gaelic. Lowland Gaelic was spoken in the southern regions of Scotland prior to the introduction of Scots. There is, however, no evidence of a linguistic border following the topographical north-south differences. Similarly, there is no evidence from placenames of significant linguistic differences between, for example, Argyll and Galloway. Dialects on both sides of the Straits of Moyle linking Scottish Gaelic with Irish are now extinct.
| Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig na h-Alba) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Scotland, CanadaCanada historically the Dominion of Canada is the second-largest, and northernmost, country in the world. It is a decentralized federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories, governed as a constitutional monarchy, and formed in 1867 through an act of Confe |
| Region: | Scottish Highlands, Western Isles, Nova ScotiaNova Scotia ( In Detail) ( In Detail) Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest City Halifax Area Total % fresh water 12th largest(9th lgst prov. 55 284 km² 3. 5% Population Total (2001) Density Ranked, Scottish cities, and formerly much of the Scottish Lowlands |
| Total speakers (Scotland): | 58,552 |
| RankingThis page tries to present a list of languages by total native speakers . Note, however, that lists such as this may vary somewhat depending upon the definition given to certain terms. In particular, the exact difference between " dialect" and " language": | Not in top 100 |
| Genetic classification: | Indo-European |
| Official status | |
| Recognised language in: | Scotland |
| Regulated by: | Bòrd na Gàidhlig |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | gd |
| ISO 639-2 | gla |
| SIL | GLS |
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