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While other organs of the UN only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions which member governments must carry out under the United Nations Charter. The Security Council held its first session on January 17, 1946, at Church House, London and the decisions of the Council are known as UN Security Council Resolutions.
The Council has five so-called "permanent" members. They were originally the five victorious powers of World War II:
The Republic of China was, in effect, expelled in 19711971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. Janua and replaced with the People's Republic of China. After the USSR broke up and then formally dissolved itself in 19911991 like 2002, is a palindromic year. It also has the same calendar as 2002, including Easter on March 31. It is a common year starting on Tuesday. Events January January 2 Sharon Pratt Dixon is sworn in as mayor of Washington, DC becoming the first blac, the Russian Federation was treated as its successor.
Thus, the current permanent members are:
There has been discussion of an increase in the number of permanent members. The countries who have made the strongest demands for permanent seats, JapanJapan (, Nippon/Nihon literally "the origin of the sun") is a country in East Asia situated on a chain of islands east of the Asian continent on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. The largest of these islands are, from north to south, Hokkaido , Honsh and GermanyThe Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is one of the world's leading industrialized countries, located in the middle of the European Union. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark and the Baltic Sea, to the east, are the UN's second and third largest funders, respectively. Germany is also the second largest contributor of troops to UN-mandated missions, after the United States.
Nuclear power India represents approximately a fifth of the world's population and is backed by France, the United Kingdom, and Russia. A landmark breakthrough in Sino-Indian relations has been the People's Republic of China's endorsement of India's candidature for the UN Security council. This is significant considering that the PRC's "all-weather ally" Pakistan has been resolutely opposed to such candidacy.
Germany used to hold such a permanent seat on the council of the League of Nations, and France has explicitly called for a permanent seat in the UN for Germany: "Germany's engagement, its ranking as a great power, its international influence -- France would like to see them recognised with a permanent seat on the Security Council", French president Chirac said in a speech in Berlin in 2000. The German Chancellor also identified Russia, among other countries, as a country that backed Germany's bid. Italy and Netherlands on the contrary suggest a common EU seat in the Council instead of Germany becoming the third European member next to France and the UK. The German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer said Germany would also accept a common European seat, but as long as there is little sign that France and the UK will give up their own seats, Germany, a much larger country, should also have a seat. Thus, the German campaign for a permanent seat has been intensified in 2004. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder made himself perfectly clear in August, 2004: "Germany has the right to a seat".
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has asked a team of advisors to come up with recommendations for revamping the United Nations by the end of this year. A proposed solution is to increase the number of permanent members with five, which should include Japan, Germany, India, Brazil and one seat for an important country from Africa. On September 21, 2004, these countries issued a joint statement mutually backing each other's claim to permanent status, together with an African country. France and the United Kingdom declared that they support this claim.
Ten other members are elected by the General Assembly for 2-year terms starting on January 1, with five replaced each year. The members are chosen by regional groups and confirmed by the United Nations General Assembly. The African, Latin American, and Western European blocs choose two members each, and the Arab, Asian, and Eastern European blocs choose one member each. The final seat alternates between Asian and African selections.
A representative of each Security Council member must always be present at UN headquarters so that the Council can meet at any time. This requirement of the United Nations Charter was adopted to address a weakness of the League of Nations since that organization was often unable to respond quickly to crises.
The current elected members are:
Elected half for the 2005-2006 period:
See Elected members of the UN Security Council for other years.
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