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Throughout this article, exponential or scientific notation is used. 106 could also be written as the number 1 followed by six 0's, 1 000 000; 109 could be written as 1 000 000 000, and so on.
Names of numbers larger than a quadrillion are almost never used, for reasons discussed further below. It is debatable which of them should be considered real working English vocabulary and which are merely trivia, curiosities, or coinages. The following table lists those names of numbers which are found in many English dictionaries and thus have a special claim to being "real words."
| Name | American and modern British value (" short scale") | Traditional British value (" long scale") | Authorities | Google hits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| million | 106 | 106 | √ AHD4, √ COD, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 54,900,000 Pages 6,880,000 Articles |
| milliard | 109 | √ AHD4, √ OED2 | 24,300 English pages 466,700 other pages 41,000 Articles | |
| billion | 109 | 1012 | √ AHD4, √ COD, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 12,700,000 English pages (mostly using 109) 3,000,000 other pages 2,200,000 Articles |
| trillion | 1012 | 1018 | √ AHD4, √ COD, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 1,460,000 Pages 303,000 Articles |
| quadrillion | 1015 | 1024 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 63,200 Pages 52,800 Articles |
| quintillion | 1018 | 1030 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 15,300 Pages 42,900 Articles |
| sextillion | 1021 | 1036 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 6,260 Pages 38,500 Articles |
| septillion | 1024 | 1042 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 3,460 Pages 37,800 Articles |
| octillion | 1027 | 1048 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ OEDnew, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 3,440 Pages 39,700 Articles |
| nonillion | 1030 | 1054 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 1,980 Pages 715 Articles |
| decillion | 1033 | 1060 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 4,940 Pages 783 Articles |
| undecillion | 1036 | 1066 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 854 Pages 294 Articles |
| duodecillion | 1039 | 1072 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 1250 Pages 249 Articles |
| tredecillion | 1042 | 1078 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 885 Pages 182 Articles |
| quattuordecillion | 1045 | 1084 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 830 Pages 154 Articles |
| quindecillion | 1048 | 1090 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 686 Pages 151 Articles |
| sexdecillion | 1051 | 1096 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 759 Pages 145 Articles |
| septendecillion | 1054 | 10102 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 699 Pages 138 Articles |
| octodecillion | 1057 | 10108 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 863 Pages 157 Articles |
| novemdecillion | 1060 | 10114 | √ AHD4, √ RHD2-1987, × ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 941 Pages 182 Articles |
| vigintillion | 1063 | 10120 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 1550 Pages 410 Articles |
| googol | 10100 | 10100 | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 82,500 Pages 10,200 Articles |
| centillion | 10303 | 10600 | √ AHD4, √ OED2 | 8560 Pages 25 Articles |
| googolplex | 10googol | 10googol | √ AHD4, √ OED2, √ RHD2-1987, √ ShorterOED3-1993, √ W3-1993 | 28,100 Pages 14,400 Articles |
Note the oddity that some dictionaries list "decillion" and "vigintillion," but not of the numbers in between (undecillion, duodecillion, etc.)
Vigintillion appears to be the highest name ending in -illion that is included in these dictionaries. Trigintillion, often cited as a word in discussions of names of large numbers, is not included in any of them; nor are any of the names that can easily be created by extending the naming pattern (unvigintillion, duovigintillion, duoquinquagintillion, etc.)
All of the dictionaries included googol and googolplex, generally crediting it to the Kasner and Newman book and to Kasners' nephew. None include any higher names in the googol family (googolplexplex, etc.) The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary comments that googol and googolplex are "not in formal mathematical use."
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