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| Slovak (Slovencina) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Slovakia, USA, Czech Republic and elsewhere |
| Region: | -- |
| Total speakers: | more than 6 million |
| Ranking: | Not in top 100. |
| Genetic classification: | Indo-European Slavic |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Slovakia (and European Union from May 1, 2004), Vojvodina |
| Regulated by: | Slovak Academy of Sciences (The Ludovít Štúr Linguistic Institute) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | sk |
| ISO 639-2(B) | slo |
| ISO 639-2(T) | slk |
| SIL | SLO |
The Slovak language (slovencina, slovenský jazyk) is an Indo-European language, more precisely a West Slavic languageAs with any complex, emergent concept, language is somewhat resistant to definition; however, most would agree that language is a system of communication or reasoning using representation along with metaphor and some manner of logical grammar. Many langua (together with mainly the CzechLanguages of the Czech Republic Slavic languages The Czech language is one of the West Slavic languages, along with Slovak, Polish, Pomeranian, and Sorbian. It is spoken by most people in the Czech Republic and by Czechs all over the world (about 12 milli, PolishPolish polski jezyk polski is the official language of Poland. History Polish has been influenced by contact with foreign languages (foremost Latin, Czech, French, German, Italian, Russian and recently it has been virtually bombarded by English, especiall, and Sorbian languages).
Slovak is spoken in Slovakia (by 5 million people), the USA (500,000, emigrants), the Czech Republic (320,000, due to former Czechoslovakia), Hungary (110,000, ancient ethnic minority), Serbia- Voivodina (80,000, ancient ethnic minority), Romania (22,000, ancient ethnic minority), Poland (20,000), Canada (20,000, emigrants), Australia (emigrants), Ukraine, Bulgaria, Croatia (5,000), Russia and some other countries.
The correct American English adjective for the language, people, and culture of Slovakia is 'Slovak;' Slovak belongs to the 'Slavic' group of languages. British usage employs 'Slovakian' for the American 'Slovak' and uses 'Slavonic' where the American usage is 'Slavic'.
The Slovak language uses a modified Roman ( Latin) alphabet. Modified means that it uses four types of diacritical marks (ˇ, ´, ¨, ^; see Pronunciation) placed above some letters.
The lexicographic ordering of the Slovak alphabet is very similar to the English alphabet: A B C D DZ E F G H CH I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. The complete alphabet, however, allows for characters with diacritics (the character with diacritics always comes after the same character without diacritics) and is as follows: a á ä b c c d d dz dž e é f g h ch i í j k l l l m n n o ó ô p q r r s š t t u ú v w x y ý z ž. Note that dz, dž and ch are considered single letters and that ch follows the h (not the c). The letters "q" and "w" are only used in loan words, never in native Slovak words.
The names of the letters (like in English ey, bee, cee, dee …) are: a, á, ä, bé, cé, cé, dé, dé, dzé, džé, e, é, ef, gé, há, chá, i, í, jé, ká, el, el, el, em, en, en, o, ó, ô, pé, kvé, er, er, eš, té, té, u, ú, vé, dvojité vé, iks, ypsilon, zet, žet (for pronunciation see below)
The characters are divided as follows:
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